List of Figures
xxxi
Fig. 9.3
Monte Carlo simulation results for the transition metal layer with
composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.5 Li 0.1 and no nickel on the lithium layer... 123
Fig. 9.4
Monte Carlo simulation results of sample LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 with
10 % nickel on the lithium layer. The transition metal (TM) layer
had composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.5 Li 0.1 . Annealed indicates 10 times as
many Monte Carlo cycles .............................................. 124
Fig. 9.5
Capacity versus cycle number for samples A 9 heated to 800
◦ C
and B 9 heated to 900
◦ C cycled at 10 mA/g. Q is for quenched
samples, RC is for regular cooled, while 20 % oxygen is for
samples heated in air. In the top panel, twin cells are included for
the 2 % oxygen sample when quenched in order to show the
reproducibility........................................................... 125
Fig. 9.6
Voltage curves and dQ/dV for samples A 9 and B 9 cycled up to
4.4 V. The red lines are for quenched samples, while the black
lines are for regular cooled............................................. 127
Fig. 9.7
Voltage curves and dQ/dV for samples A 9 and B 9 cycled up to
4.8 V. The red lines are for quenched samples, while the black
lines are for regular cooled............................................. 128
Fig. 9.8
Partial X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for samples A 9
(x = 0.00), B 9 (x = 0.04) and C 9 (x = 0.08) obtained as part of the
composition series Li 1+x [Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ] 1−x O 2 . The arrow indicates
the presence of a second peak in sample A 9 . The red lines are
single-phase layered fits................................................ 129
Fig. 9.9
Discharge capacity as a function of nominal composition x in
Li 1+x [Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ] 1−x O 2 . Cells were cycled over the range
2.5–4.4 V at 10 mA/g. The error bars represent the variation
between two twin cells ................................................. 130
Fig. 10.1 The Li–Co–Mn–Ni–O pseudo-quaternary system for samples
heated to 800
◦ C and quenched with single-phase regions
identified. The red lines indicate boundaries of three-phase
regions while the blue lines denote the axes ......................... 134
xxxi
Fig. 9.3
Monte Carlo simulation results for the transition metal layer with
composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.5 Li 0.1 and no nickel on the lithium layer... 123
Fig. 9.4
Monte Carlo simulation results of sample LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 with
10 % nickel on the lithium layer. The transition metal (TM) layer
had composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.5 Li 0.1 . Annealed indicates 10 times as
many Monte Carlo cycles .............................................. 124
Fig. 9.5
Capacity versus cycle number for samples A 9 heated to 800
◦ C
and B 9 heated to 900
◦ C cycled at 10 mA/g. Q is for quenched
samples, RC is for regular cooled, while 20 % oxygen is for
samples heated in air. In the top panel, twin cells are included for
the 2 % oxygen sample when quenched in order to show the
reproducibility........................................................... 125
Fig. 9.6
Voltage curves and dQ/dV for samples A 9 and B 9 cycled up to
4.4 V. The red lines are for quenched samples, while the black
lines are for regular cooled............................................. 127
Fig. 9.7
Voltage curves and dQ/dV for samples A 9 and B 9 cycled up to
4.8 V. The red lines are for quenched samples, while the black
lines are for regular cooled............................................. 128
Fig. 9.8
Partial X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for samples A 9
(x = 0.00), B 9 (x = 0.04) and C 9 (x = 0.08) obtained as part of the
composition series Li 1+x [Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ] 1−x O 2 . The arrow indicates
the presence of a second peak in sample A 9 . The red lines are
single-phase layered fits................................................ 129
Fig. 9.9
Discharge capacity as a function of nominal composition x in
Li 1+x [Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ] 1−x O 2 . Cells were cycled over the range
2.5–4.4 V at 10 mA/g. The error bars represent the variation
between two twin cells ................................................. 130
Fig. 10.1 The Li–Co–Mn–Ni–O pseudo-quaternary system for samples
heated to 800
◦ C and quenched with single-phase regions
identified. The red lines indicate boundaries of three-phase
regions while the blue lines denote the axes ......................... 134