151
Smart Machining Processes
composite materials, repair of casting elements, etc. It should be noted that FSP is
a green technology producing no fumes and dusts, so perhaps in the coming years,
it will become increasingly important and competitive relative to traditional surface
engineering technologies.
3.6 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MODELS AND POTENTIAL
CULTURAL OR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF REPAIR
Decisions made by an engineer at the early stages of product development can result
in unintended consequences that have a propagation effect during product life-phases
of manufacturing, use, and disposal (Borg and Giannini, 2003). Under the pressure
of market competition and environmental care, major attention is paid during product development from the very design stages to all life-cycle issues. The concept of
a “product life cycle” has been widely discussed since the late 1950s with numerous
models proposed (Polli and Cook, 1969). The life cycle model usually comprises a
series of subsequent stages guided by management decisions which qualify a system
to progress to its next life-cycle stage (Pena et al., 2021). In the context of increasing
demand for manufacturing sustainability with respect to energy, process, material, and
environment friendliness, the life cycle models are critical in the assessment of the
performance of a product from the design phase to its end of life (EoL) (Daniyan et al.,
2021). It is noteworthy that among the articles reviewed by these authors, 60% applied
life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to reduce energy consumption and enhance
environmental sustainability, while 40% employed other assessment tools. The most
important approaches found in literature can be listed as follows (Daniyan et al., 2021):
1. LCA principles for low-carbon manufacturing are focused on energy savings during design and manufacturing, use, transportation, and remanufacturing stages of the product life cycle.
2. Life cycle inventory (LCI) and impact assessment, where environmental
impacts, energy and materials consumption, as well as other variables are
measured and recorded.
3. Reconfiguration of manufacturing systems as an effective way of redesigning components of a system to ensure efficiency, modularity, scalability,
and flexibility. This approach encourages optimized costs of fabrication of
quality products while ensuring efficient use of resources with minimal
impact on the natural environment.
4. Internet of Things and web-based applications which enable technical communications related to design, manufacturing process parameters, and technical support.
5. Computer-aided process planning and cloud platforms allow for the identification of factors which influence the degradation of machining resources,
compensating them and minimizing waste generation, as well as improving
energy efficiency and production time.
6. Life-cycle-oriented services aimed at improving resource efficiency of a
machine tool.
Smart Machining Processes
composite materials, repair of casting elements, etc. It should be noted that FSP is
a green technology producing no fumes and dusts, so perhaps in the coming years,
it will become increasingly important and competitive relative to traditional surface
engineering technologies.
3.6 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MODELS AND POTENTIAL
CULTURAL OR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF REPAIR
Decisions made by an engineer at the early stages of product development can result
in unintended consequences that have a propagation effect during product life-phases
of manufacturing, use, and disposal (Borg and Giannini, 2003). Under the pressure
of market competition and environmental care, major attention is paid during product development from the very design stages to all life-cycle issues. The concept of
a “product life cycle” has been widely discussed since the late 1950s with numerous
models proposed (Polli and Cook, 1969). The life cycle model usually comprises a
series of subsequent stages guided by management decisions which qualify a system
to progress to its next life-cycle stage (Pena et al., 2021). In the context of increasing
demand for manufacturing sustainability with respect to energy, process, material, and
environment friendliness, the life cycle models are critical in the assessment of the
performance of a product from the design phase to its end of life (EoL) (Daniyan et al.,
2021). It is noteworthy that among the articles reviewed by these authors, 60% applied
life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to reduce energy consumption and enhance
environmental sustainability, while 40% employed other assessment tools. The most
important approaches found in literature can be listed as follows (Daniyan et al., 2021):
1. LCA principles for low-carbon manufacturing are focused on energy savings during design and manufacturing, use, transportation, and remanufacturing stages of the product life cycle.
2. Life cycle inventory (LCI) and impact assessment, where environmental
impacts, energy and materials consumption, as well as other variables are
measured and recorded.
3. Reconfiguration of manufacturing systems as an effective way of redesigning components of a system to ensure efficiency, modularity, scalability,
and flexibility. This approach encourages optimized costs of fabrication of
quality products while ensuring efficient use of resources with minimal
impact on the natural environment.
4. Internet of Things and web-based applications which enable technical communications related to design, manufacturing process parameters, and technical support.
5. Computer-aided process planning and cloud platforms allow for the identification of factors which influence the degradation of machining resources,
compensating them and minimizing waste generation, as well as improving
energy efficiency and production time.
6. Life-cycle-oriented services aimed at improving resource efficiency of a
machine tool.