127
3
Smart Machining
Processes
3.1 COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
During the development of industrial processes, mechanization facilitates mass production to meet the consumer demand for improved products. However, to achieve
mass production, transfer lines and fixed automation are needed, leading to the development of programmable automation. Its main objective is to accelerate the production process throughout the factory and to increase the quality of products. As such,
automation provides for quick response to changing customer requirements with
high-quality products. With developments in commercially available information
and communication technology tools and equipment, the application of computers
to manufacturing begins, collectively named advanced manufacturing technologies
(AMTs). In today’s industrialized world, further enormous growth in manufacturing
automation has brought a plethora of AMTs with a large variety of features, consisting
of semi- to fully automated systems or equipment. However, individual automation
in functional units produces many islands of automation in an enterprise that cannot
facilitate communication between functional units. In addition, errors in data sharing
and other mismatches with these automation units continually plague the manufacturing industry. Thus emerges the need for a holistic and systematic integration of individual automation solutions adopted by manufacturers (Nagalingam and Lin, 2008).
Nowadays, information and communication technology plays a significant role in
manufacturing systems (Wang et al., 2021). The ongoing development of cyber systems and related intelligent and smart technologies has given rise to the concept of
the so-called Industry 4.0, which includes big data processing, cloud computing, the
Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), digital twin (DT), and nextgeneration artificial intelligence (AI). Various advanced manufacturing paradigms
have been proposed, using these concepts to enhance manufacturing processes and
systems with various degrees of “intelligence” or “smartness” (Wang et al., 2021).
Big data and analytics refer to the collection and comprehensive evaluation of
data from many different sources, which consist of four dimensions: (1) volume of
data, (2) variety of data, (3) velocity of generation of new data and analysis, and (4)
value of data (Vaidiya et al., 2018).
A cloud-based IT platform serves as a technical backbone for linking and communication of manifold elements through connections of different devices to the
same cloud to share information (Vaidiya et al., 2018).
The Internet of Things means a worldwide network of interconnected and uniform addressed objects that communicate via standard protocols. It is also referred
to as the Internet of Everything (IoE) and consists of the Internet of Service (IoS),
DOI: 10.1201/9781003218654-3
3
Smart Machining
Processes
3.1 COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
During the development of industrial processes, mechanization facilitates mass production to meet the consumer demand for improved products. However, to achieve
mass production, transfer lines and fixed automation are needed, leading to the development of programmable automation. Its main objective is to accelerate the production process throughout the factory and to increase the quality of products. As such,
automation provides for quick response to changing customer requirements with
high-quality products. With developments in commercially available information
and communication technology tools and equipment, the application of computers
to manufacturing begins, collectively named advanced manufacturing technologies
(AMTs). In today’s industrialized world, further enormous growth in manufacturing
automation has brought a plethora of AMTs with a large variety of features, consisting
of semi- to fully automated systems or equipment. However, individual automation
in functional units produces many islands of automation in an enterprise that cannot
facilitate communication between functional units. In addition, errors in data sharing
and other mismatches with these automation units continually plague the manufacturing industry. Thus emerges the need for a holistic and systematic integration of individual automation solutions adopted by manufacturers (Nagalingam and Lin, 2008).
Nowadays, information and communication technology plays a significant role in
manufacturing systems (Wang et al., 2021). The ongoing development of cyber systems and related intelligent and smart technologies has given rise to the concept of
the so-called Industry 4.0, which includes big data processing, cloud computing, the
Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), digital twin (DT), and nextgeneration artificial intelligence (AI). Various advanced manufacturing paradigms
have been proposed, using these concepts to enhance manufacturing processes and
systems with various degrees of “intelligence” or “smartness” (Wang et al., 2021).
Big data and analytics refer to the collection and comprehensive evaluation of
data from many different sources, which consist of four dimensions: (1) volume of
data, (2) variety of data, (3) velocity of generation of new data and analysis, and (4)
value of data (Vaidiya et al., 2018).
A cloud-based IT platform serves as a technical backbone for linking and communication of manifold elements through connections of different devices to the
same cloud to share information (Vaidiya et al., 2018).
The Internet of Things means a worldwide network of interconnected and uniform addressed objects that communicate via standard protocols. It is also referred
to as the Internet of Everything (IoE) and consists of the Internet of Service (IoS),
DOI: 10.1201/9781003218654-3