80
Table 4 Antimicrobial activity of deep eutectic solvent formulations
Active agent
Deep eutectic
solvent
composition
Results in vitro
Results in vivo
References
None
C:GE 1:2
Broad-spectrum
antimicrobial
activity
Treatment of
Cutibacterium
acnes infection in
mice
Zakrewsky
et al. (2016a)
None
CC:MOA 1:2
Inhibition of
growth and
β-lactamase
production
Sadaf et al.
(2018)
None
Various including
C:GE 1:2
Inhibition of
biofilms
Reduced bacterial
growth in wound
dressings
Kellar et al.
(2018)
None
Various,
containing
organic acids
Activity against
yeast and cancer
cells; antioxidant
properties
Radošević et al.
(2018)
None
C:GE 1:2
Activity against
Escherichia coli;
studies of
mechanism
Ibsen et al.
(2018)
None
CC:AA
polymerized with
molecular
imprinting
Inhibition of
bacterial growth;
extraction of
β-lactoglobulin
Fu et al. (2019)
Various
Various including
CC:carboxylic
acid
Inhibition of
biofilms
Skin permeation Zakrewsky
et al. (2015)
Benzalkonium
chloride
BC:AA
Incorporation into
dental composite
Wang et al.
(2017)
Erythritol
B:E 2:1; ZC:E
1:3
Penetration into
and detachment of
biofilms
Lim et al.
(2018)
β-lactams:
clavulanic acid
and imipenem
B:U 1:1.5
Increased stability
and maintenance
of activity
Olivares et al.
(2018)
Photosensitizers
Various,
including CA:S
1:1
Phototoxicity to
bacteria
Antifungal effect Tønnesen and
Wikene (2016)
and Wikene
et al. (2015a,
2016, 2017)
L-arginine and
ethambutol
Drug:CA
Toxicity to Caco2
cells
Santos et al.
(2019)
Benzoic acid and
phenylacetic acid
Drug:menthol
Activity against
Gram - and Gram
+ bacteria
Aroso et al.
(2016)
For abbreviations, see Table 1
C.-H. Nguyen et al.