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F
Fructose
G
Glucose
GA
Glycolic acid
GE
Geranate
GL
Glycerol
GLA
Glutamic acid
GLN
Glutamine
HBA
Hydrogen bond acceptor
HBD
Hydrogen bond donor
LA
Lactic acid
LAU
Lauric acid
MA
Malic acid
MEA
Maleic acid
MOA
Malonic acid
OA
Oxalic acid
P
Proline
PD
1,2-Propanediol (propylene glycol)
PHE
Phenylalanine
S
Sucrose
TA
Tartaric acid
TEAC
Tetraethylammonium chloride
TEG
Triethylene glycol
TBAB
Tetrabutylammonium bromide
TPAB
Tetrapropylammonium bromide
U
Urea
W
Water
X
Xylitol
ZC
Zinc chloride
2.1 Introduction
Recent progress in synthetic organic chemistry, molecular modelling, and highthroughput screening has led to the production of a large number of new chemical
entities with specific pharmacological activity, as well as discovering new indications for existing molecules. However, for a promising molecule to become an
effective medicine, it is necessary to select an adequate solvent for its formulation
that will both preserve its integrity and be compatible with the requirements for
administration to human patients. Many molecules that are revealed to have high
specificity for pharmacological targets have low water solubility that limits both
their formulation and their bioavailability; however, traditional organic solvents are
not acceptable for pharmaceutical applications and also present considerable constraints for manufacturing. At the same time, alternative routes of administration
avoiding intravenous injection, such as oral and topical routes, are attracting more
2 Deep Eutectic Solvents for Innovative Pharmaceutical Formulations