Hyperfine and Electroweak Interactions in Heavy Finite Fermi Systems …
75
principle a majority of theoretical approaches provide physically reasonable agreement with the Standard model data, but the important question is how much exact
this agreement is. Some received data on estimating these constants directly indicate
the necessity of new adequate précised experiments. The rare-earth elements (and
corresponding multicharged ions), in particular, ytterbium, are especially interesting
as they have very complicated spectra of energy levels with very unusual behavior
in relatively weak electric and laser fields. In our opinion, particular attention should
be paid to the
173 Yb ytterbium atom, where the theoretical PNC values of the EPNC
amplitude differ from similar values of all considered heavy alkaline atoms by almost
two orders of magnitude, which makes this atom particularly important in terms of
studying the weak electron-nuclear interaction, the PNC effect, and of course, the
Standard model check. Excessive complexity of the
173 Yb calculation, where the
correlation effects corrections (including quick “blurring” of the initial state over an
infinite set of additional configurations and other effects) is very large, making it
difficult to obtain data on the fundamental parameters of Yb. Using the experimental
value E
P NC
1
/β [11]: (8.7±1.4)10
−10 ea B
E
P NC
1
/β = 39mV/cm
and the calculated atomic constant value of 99.707·10
−10 ea B (for 173Yb; Z = 70, N = 103) it is
not difficult to determine the value of a weak charge Q W = −92.31, which is different
from Q W (the Stanard model) = −95.44. This circumstance imposes unambiguous
restrictions on the fundamental values of S, T. It is interesting to note that the estimate
of difference [QW (theoretical)—QW (CM)] ~ 6 indicated in [11] in our opinion,
is a little overestimated due to the neglect of the contribution of QED, neutron skin
effects etc. Perhaps the increase in the PNC effect at
173 Yb can be explained qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of a quantum chaos theory and strong inter-electron
correlations (e.g. [3, 98]). In any case it is worth noting the sensitivity of PNC experiments to New Physics at energies, which even today are difficult to reach on modern
colliders, including the restrictions on the mass of the Z ‘boson and the mixing angle
in models beyond the Standard model. The analysis shows that the perspectives of
the PNC experiments with Stark pumping of the individual states in the rare-earth
atoms (and probably more effective multicharged ions of these elements) and simultaneously polarized laser field dressing (with a cold-atom fountain or interferometer)
may provide comfortable conditions for precise observation of weak effects.
References
1. Grojean C (2007) New approaches to electroweak symmetry breaking. Physics-Uspekhi 50:3–
42; Review of Particle Properties (1996) Particle Physics Booklet. AIP. July, 1996
2. Shabalin EP (2001) What future for CP- and T-violation studies and CPT-invariance tests?
Phys Usp 171:951–976
3. Khetselius OY (2011) Quantum structure of electroweak interaction in heavy finite Fermi
systems. Astroprint, Odessa
4. Glushkov AV (2008) Relativistic quantum theory. Quantum, mechanics of atomic systems.
Astroprint, Odessa
5. Khriplovich IB (1991) Parity Nonconservation in Atomic Phenomena. Gordon and Breach,
Philadelphia
75
principle a majority of theoretical approaches provide physically reasonable agreement with the Standard model data, but the important question is how much exact
this agreement is. Some received data on estimating these constants directly indicate
the necessity of new adequate précised experiments. The rare-earth elements (and
corresponding multicharged ions), in particular, ytterbium, are especially interesting
as they have very complicated spectra of energy levels with very unusual behavior
in relatively weak electric and laser fields. In our opinion, particular attention should
be paid to the
173 Yb ytterbium atom, where the theoretical PNC values of the EPNC
amplitude differ from similar values of all considered heavy alkaline atoms by almost
two orders of magnitude, which makes this atom particularly important in terms of
studying the weak electron-nuclear interaction, the PNC effect, and of course, the
Standard model check. Excessive complexity of the
173 Yb calculation, where the
correlation effects corrections (including quick “blurring” of the initial state over an
infinite set of additional configurations and other effects) is very large, making it
difficult to obtain data on the fundamental parameters of Yb. Using the experimental
value E
P NC
1
/β [11]: (8.7±1.4)10
−10 ea B
E
P NC
1
/β = 39mV/cm
and the calculated atomic constant value of 99.707·10
−10 ea B (for 173Yb; Z = 70, N = 103) it is
not difficult to determine the value of a weak charge Q W = −92.31, which is different
from Q W (the Stanard model) = −95.44. This circumstance imposes unambiguous
restrictions on the fundamental values of S, T. It is interesting to note that the estimate
of difference [QW (theoretical)—QW (CM)] ~ 6 indicated in [11] in our opinion,
is a little overestimated due to the neglect of the contribution of QED, neutron skin
effects etc. Perhaps the increase in the PNC effect at
173 Yb can be explained qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of a quantum chaos theory and strong inter-electron
correlations (e.g. [3, 98]). In any case it is worth noting the sensitivity of PNC experiments to New Physics at energies, which even today are difficult to reach on modern
colliders, including the restrictions on the mass of the Z ‘boson and the mixing angle
in models beyond the Standard model. The analysis shows that the perspectives of
the PNC experiments with Stark pumping of the individual states in the rare-earth
atoms (and probably more effective multicharged ions of these elements) and simultaneously polarized laser field dressing (with a cold-atom fountain or interferometer)
may provide comfortable conditions for precise observation of weak effects.
References
1. Grojean C (2007) New approaches to electroweak symmetry breaking. Physics-Uspekhi 50:3–
42; Review of Particle Properties (1996) Particle Physics Booklet. AIP. July, 1996
2. Shabalin EP (2001) What future for CP- and T-violation studies and CPT-invariance tests?
Phys Usp 171:951–976
3. Khetselius OY (2011) Quantum structure of electroweak interaction in heavy finite Fermi
systems. Astroprint, Odessa
4. Glushkov AV (2008) Relativistic quantum theory. Quantum, mechanics of atomic systems.
Astroprint, Odessa
5. Khriplovich IB (1991) Parity Nonconservation in Atomic Phenomena. Gordon and Breach,
Philadelphia