310
Da Silveira et al. (1998) have prepared and evaluated nanoparticulate systems of
progesterone composed of poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) and cyclodextrins for
enhancing the loading of the particles with substances. The nanoparticles were synthesized by polymerization of isobutyl cyanoacrylate in the presence of cyclodextrins or progesterone/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex. The particle size, zeta
potential, and loading capacity of the particles were determined. The authors have
demonstrated that nanoparticles could be efficiently prepared in the presence of
cyclodextrins. Additionally, an increase in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration resulted in small nanoparticles of size less than 50 nm. It was also observed
that the addition of a higher concentration of cyclodextrins yields a 50-fold increase
in progesterone loading compared to nanoparticles prepared without cyclodextrins.
The poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate)-cyclodextrin nanoparticles were delineated by the
presence of many lipophilic sites belonging to the cyclodextrins which were tightly
attached to the structure of the particles.
Sajeesh and Sharma (2006) reported the formulation development and evaluation of an oral insulin delivery system based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin insulin complex encapsulated in polymethacrylic acid-chitosan-polyether (polyethylene
glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer). They have formulated the nanoparticles
by the free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid in the presence of polymer
chitosan and polyether in a solvent-/surfactant-free medium. Hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin was incorporated to prepare a non-covalent inclusion complex with
insulin. Furthermore, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexed insulin was
entrapped into nanoparticles by diffusion filling technique, and their in vitro release
profile was assessed at different pH. They found that nanoparticles exhibited satisfactory insulin encapsulation efficiency and pH-dependent release profile. An
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study illustrated that insulin encapsulated
inside the particles was biologically active. The mucoadhesive study of prepared
nanoparticles was conducted using freshly extracted rat intestinal mucosa, and the
nanoparticles were observed fairly adhesive to the mucosal membrane.
Recently, researchers have been focused on the nasal mucosa as an alternative
route to the oral and parenteral routes, because it offers advantages such as large
absorptive surface area and the high vascularity of the nasal mucosa, which facilitate direct passage of drug into the systemic circulation, thereby bypassing first-pass
liver metabolism. However, the bioavailability of intranasally administered peptide
and protein drugs may be low due to their high molecular weight and hydrophilicity
(Merkus et al. 1991). Cyclodextrin has the ability to form non-covalent inclusion
complexes with a large variety of drugs/proteins. Moreover, cyclodextrins are
believed to enhance nasal absorption of peptides by opening tight junctions and/or
solubilizing membrane components (Merkus et al. 1999).
Hyperbranched polyglycerols are readily available, highly water soluble, biocompatible, and stable polymer. Therefore, to explore these properties of hyperbranched polyglycerols, Zhang et al. (2011) fabricated a cyclodextrin and
hyperbranched polyglycerols coupling based novel nanoparticle system to enhance
the nasal transport of insulin. Insulin-loaded hyperbranched polyglycerol-βcyclodextrin nanoparticles of size ranging from 198 to 340 nm with a positive
A. Pandey
Da Silveira et al. (1998) have prepared and evaluated nanoparticulate systems of
progesterone composed of poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) and cyclodextrins for
enhancing the loading of the particles with substances. The nanoparticles were synthesized by polymerization of isobutyl cyanoacrylate in the presence of cyclodextrins or progesterone/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex. The particle size, zeta
potential, and loading capacity of the particles were determined. The authors have
demonstrated that nanoparticles could be efficiently prepared in the presence of
cyclodextrins. Additionally, an increase in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration resulted in small nanoparticles of size less than 50 nm. It was also observed
that the addition of a higher concentration of cyclodextrins yields a 50-fold increase
in progesterone loading compared to nanoparticles prepared without cyclodextrins.
The poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate)-cyclodextrin nanoparticles were delineated by the
presence of many lipophilic sites belonging to the cyclodextrins which were tightly
attached to the structure of the particles.
Sajeesh and Sharma (2006) reported the formulation development and evaluation of an oral insulin delivery system based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin insulin complex encapsulated in polymethacrylic acid-chitosan-polyether (polyethylene
glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer). They have formulated the nanoparticles
by the free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid in the presence of polymer
chitosan and polyether in a solvent-/surfactant-free medium. Hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin was incorporated to prepare a non-covalent inclusion complex with
insulin. Furthermore, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexed insulin was
entrapped into nanoparticles by diffusion filling technique, and their in vitro release
profile was assessed at different pH. They found that nanoparticles exhibited satisfactory insulin encapsulation efficiency and pH-dependent release profile. An
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study illustrated that insulin encapsulated
inside the particles was biologically active. The mucoadhesive study of prepared
nanoparticles was conducted using freshly extracted rat intestinal mucosa, and the
nanoparticles were observed fairly adhesive to the mucosal membrane.
Recently, researchers have been focused on the nasal mucosa as an alternative
route to the oral and parenteral routes, because it offers advantages such as large
absorptive surface area and the high vascularity of the nasal mucosa, which facilitate direct passage of drug into the systemic circulation, thereby bypassing first-pass
liver metabolism. However, the bioavailability of intranasally administered peptide
and protein drugs may be low due to their high molecular weight and hydrophilicity
(Merkus et al. 1991). Cyclodextrin has the ability to form non-covalent inclusion
complexes with a large variety of drugs/proteins. Moreover, cyclodextrins are
believed to enhance nasal absorption of peptides by opening tight junctions and/or
solubilizing membrane components (Merkus et al. 1999).
Hyperbranched polyglycerols are readily available, highly water soluble, biocompatible, and stable polymer. Therefore, to explore these properties of hyperbranched polyglycerols, Zhang et al. (2011) fabricated a cyclodextrin and
hyperbranched polyglycerols coupling based novel nanoparticle system to enhance
the nasal transport of insulin. Insulin-loaded hyperbranched polyglycerol-βcyclodextrin nanoparticles of size ranging from 198 to 340 nm with a positive
A. Pandey