132
Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
generalisability of the results, but the group had highly positive views of the tested
prototype, which encourages continued work on this project.
Future work includes adding some limited features asked for by the user group
while still maintaining a simple and e asy- to-use app. The most prominent new feature will be the ability to import a pre-planned route from a nautical chart application
( or an official route from the Coastal Administration) and show this route in the AR
layer overlaid in the camera image, thus not only showing dangers to navigation but
also offering way-showing.
The intention of this experiment was user experience ( UX) and to find out if such
an egocentric AR application would be beneficial and would potentially be used by
leisure mariners in an archipelago setting. Precise technical benchmarking and testing of different smartphone brands potentials and problems were not undertaken, but
is the task for an ongoing project.
The intention is not to replace the normal navigation procedure, but to add an
extra safety layer.
The initial goal with this design project was to see if we could manage to develop
a safety tool that would allow fast leisure boaters to benefit from the digitalisation of
navigation that has been going on for many decades. This digitalisation has resulted
in a dramatic decrease in accidents with commercial ships. The exposed environment in many small and fast boats has prevented sensitive and voluminous equipment
to be installed and read during voyage. And if such a tool would be found beneficial
by the user group, the proof- of-concept with a very limited user group was quite successful and the project has commenced in a second iteration in the Tønsberg area in
southern Norway in 2020.
REFERENCES
Allianz. ( 2020). Safety and Shipping Review 2020. https:// www.agcs.allianz.com/ content/
dam/ONEMARKETING/agcs/agcs/reports/AGCS-Safety-Shipping-Review-2020.pdf
[Acc. 2021-02-19]
Crosbie, J.W. ( 2006). Lookout Versus Lights: Some Sidelights on the Dark History of Navigation
Lights. The Journal of Navigation, 59, 1–7.
Hadnett, E. ( 2008). A bridge too far? The Journal of Navigation, 61, 283–289.
IMO ( International Maritime Organization). ( 1989). Provisional Performance Standards for
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems ( ECDIS). NAV 35/ WP.31989, IMO,
London.
IMO ( International Maritime Organization). ( 2015). Guideline on Software Quality Assurance
and Human-Centred Design for e-Navigation. MSC.1/ Circ.1512, IMO, London.
ISO ( International Organization for Standardization). ( 2015). ISO 9241-210:2010
Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive
systems. https://www.iso.org/standard/52075.html [Acc. 2021–02–19]
Kilskar, S. S., Danielsen, B. E., & Johnsen, S. O. ( 2020). Sensemaking in Critical Situations
and in Relation to Resilience—A Review. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 6(1).
Marine Accident Investigation Branch ( MAIB). ( 2014). Report on the Investigation of the
Grounding of Ovit in the Dover Strait on 18 September 2013. MAIB, London.
Norman, D. ( 2013). The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. Basic
Books.
Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
generalisability of the results, but the group had highly positive views of the tested
prototype, which encourages continued work on this project.
Future work includes adding some limited features asked for by the user group
while still maintaining a simple and e asy- to-use app. The most prominent new feature will be the ability to import a pre-planned route from a nautical chart application
( or an official route from the Coastal Administration) and show this route in the AR
layer overlaid in the camera image, thus not only showing dangers to navigation but
also offering way-showing.
The intention of this experiment was user experience ( UX) and to find out if such
an egocentric AR application would be beneficial and would potentially be used by
leisure mariners in an archipelago setting. Precise technical benchmarking and testing of different smartphone brands potentials and problems were not undertaken, but
is the task for an ongoing project.
The intention is not to replace the normal navigation procedure, but to add an
extra safety layer.
The initial goal with this design project was to see if we could manage to develop
a safety tool that would allow fast leisure boaters to benefit from the digitalisation of
navigation that has been going on for many decades. This digitalisation has resulted
in a dramatic decrease in accidents with commercial ships. The exposed environment in many small and fast boats has prevented sensitive and voluminous equipment
to be installed and read during voyage. And if such a tool would be found beneficial
by the user group, the proof- of-concept with a very limited user group was quite successful and the project has commenced in a second iteration in the Tønsberg area in
southern Norway in 2020.
REFERENCES
Allianz. ( 2020). Safety and Shipping Review 2020. https:// www.agcs.allianz.com/ content/
dam/ONEMARKETING/agcs/agcs/reports/AGCS-Safety-Shipping-Review-2020.pdf
[Acc. 2021-02-19]
Crosbie, J.W. ( 2006). Lookout Versus Lights: Some Sidelights on the Dark History of Navigation
Lights. The Journal of Navigation, 59, 1–7.
Hadnett, E. ( 2008). A bridge too far? The Journal of Navigation, 61, 283–289.
IMO ( International Maritime Organization). ( 1989). Provisional Performance Standards for
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems ( ECDIS). NAV 35/ WP.31989, IMO,
London.
IMO ( International Maritime Organization). ( 2015). Guideline on Software Quality Assurance
and Human-Centred Design for e-Navigation. MSC.1/ Circ.1512, IMO, London.
ISO ( International Organization for Standardization). ( 2015). ISO 9241-210:2010
Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive
systems. https://www.iso.org/standard/52075.html [Acc. 2021–02–19]
Kilskar, S. S., Danielsen, B. E., & Johnsen, S. O. ( 2020). Sensemaking in Critical Situations
and in Relation to Resilience—A Review. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 6(1).
Marine Accident Investigation Branch ( MAIB). ( 2014). Report on the Investigation of the
Grounding of Ovit in the Dover Strait on 18 September 2013. MAIB, London.
Norman, D. ( 2013). The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. Basic
Books.