xi
Introduction
engage with, and manage, a plethora of incongruent human–machine interfaces on a
ship’s bridge during operations. Inconsistencies across bridge systems can negatively
affect seafarer sensemaking whilst increasing cognitive demands and likelihood for
error. Systemic challenges within the maritime industry enable suboptimal design
processes and outcomes that ultimately impact seafarers and sensemaking at the
sharp end of operations. This chapter presents an initiative working towards a more
integrated approach for multi-vendor maritime equipment design through open innovation. We address current industry gaps by developing dynamic interface guidelines
based on web technologies, user-centred design principles and open-source component libraries. An ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) design
case is presented to illustrate the application of the design guideline and its contribution for enhancing sensemaking in ship operations.
11 – U SER-CENTRED AGILE DEVELOPMENT
TO SUPPORT SENSEMAKING
User-centred design (UCD) is a fitting approach for supporting sensemaking, as the
aim of UCD is to understand contextual user needs and use this as a basis to iteratively explore and design solutions. Similarly, agile software development uses iterations and rapid feedback to continuously explore, learn and improve user stories and
their implementations. The user-centred and agile approaches represent mindsets of
great influence in their respective fields of design and software development. In this
chapter, we will briefly introduce the two approaches. We present five models that
can be used to combine agile and user-centred development and discuss three common challenges in user-centred agile development (UCAD). Key take aways from
the chapter are:
• The importance of exploring, understanding and framing the problem, in
order to solve the right challenge, propose solutions that fit the context of
use, make sure user needs drives ideation – not the love of technology.
• The importance of user involvement and contextual testing as a team effort
to enable interdisciplinary decision-making and collaboration, enable continuous learning and improvement based on feedback, create solutions that
work in real-life scenarios and contexts.
12 – I MPROVING SAFETY BY LEARNING FROM AUTOMATION
IN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON
SENSEMAKING AND MEANINGFUL HUMAN CONTROL
The chapter discusses the safety and security challenges of autonomous industrial
transport systems. The chapter covers all four transportation domains (road, rail, air
and sea), common important concepts and how the various domains can learn from
each other. Suggested key measures related to organizational, technical and human
issues are presented focusing on the importance of involving humans in the loop
during design and operations, support sensemaking, focus on learning from projects
Introduction
engage with, and manage, a plethora of incongruent human–machine interfaces on a
ship’s bridge during operations. Inconsistencies across bridge systems can negatively
affect seafarer sensemaking whilst increasing cognitive demands and likelihood for
error. Systemic challenges within the maritime industry enable suboptimal design
processes and outcomes that ultimately impact seafarers and sensemaking at the
sharp end of operations. This chapter presents an initiative working towards a more
integrated approach for multi-vendor maritime equipment design through open innovation. We address current industry gaps by developing dynamic interface guidelines
based on web technologies, user-centred design principles and open-source component libraries. An ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) design
case is presented to illustrate the application of the design guideline and its contribution for enhancing sensemaking in ship operations.
11 – U SER-CENTRED AGILE DEVELOPMENT
TO SUPPORT SENSEMAKING
User-centred design (UCD) is a fitting approach for supporting sensemaking, as the
aim of UCD is to understand contextual user needs and use this as a basis to iteratively explore and design solutions. Similarly, agile software development uses iterations and rapid feedback to continuously explore, learn and improve user stories and
their implementations. The user-centred and agile approaches represent mindsets of
great influence in their respective fields of design and software development. In this
chapter, we will briefly introduce the two approaches. We present five models that
can be used to combine agile and user-centred development and discuss three common challenges in user-centred agile development (UCAD). Key take aways from
the chapter are:
• The importance of exploring, understanding and framing the problem, in
order to solve the right challenge, propose solutions that fit the context of
use, make sure user needs drives ideation – not the love of technology.
• The importance of user involvement and contextual testing as a team effort
to enable interdisciplinary decision-making and collaboration, enable continuous learning and improvement based on feedback, create solutions that
work in real-life scenarios and contexts.
12 – I MPROVING SAFETY BY LEARNING FROM AUTOMATION
IN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON
SENSEMAKING AND MEANINGFUL HUMAN CONTROL
The chapter discusses the safety and security challenges of autonomous industrial
transport systems. The chapter covers all four transportation domains (road, rail, air
and sea), common important concepts and how the various domains can learn from
each other. Suggested key measures related to organizational, technical and human
issues are presented focusing on the importance of involving humans in the loop
during design and operations, support sensemaking, focus on learning from projects