45
Classification
ASTM D4175. 2012. Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants,
Vol. 05.03. Annual Book of Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
Bestougeff, M. 1967. In Fundamental Aspects of Petroleum Geochemistry, B. Nagy and U. Colombo (Eds.).
Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Chapter 3.
Bestougeff, M.A., Burollet, P.F., and Byramjee, R.J. 1984. In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands,
R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 12.
Burg, P., Selves, J.L., and Colin, J.P. 1997. Crude Oils: Modelling from chromatographic data—A new tool for
classification. Fuel 76: 85–91.
Considine, D.M. and Considine, G.D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Chemistry, 4th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
New York.
Costantinides, G. and Arich, G. 1967. Nonhydrocarbon Compounds in petroleum. In Fundamental Aspects of
Petroleum Geochemistry, B. Nagy and U. Colombo (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Chapter 4.
Danyluk, M.D., Galbraith, B.E., and Omana, R.A. 1984. Toward definitions for heavy crude oil and tar sands.
In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGrawHill, New York, p. 3.
Fessenden, R.J. and Fessenden, J.S. 1990. Organic Chemistry, 4th edn. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Pacific
Grove, CA.
Gary, J.G., Handwerk, G.E., and Kaiser, M.J. 2007. Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, 5th edn.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Gibson, B.J. 1984. Methods of classifying heavy Crude Oils using the UNITAR Viscosity-based definition. In
The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, p. 17.
Gruse, W.A. and Stevens, D.R. 1960. The Chemical Technology of Petroleum. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hessley, R.A. 1990. Coal. In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook, J.G. Speight (Ed.). Marcel Dekker Inc.,
New York.
Hobson, G.D. and Pohl, W. 1973. Modern Petroleum Technology, 4th edn. Applied Science Publishers Inc.,
Barking, U.K.
Hsu, C.S. and Robinson, P.R. (Eds.). 2006. Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing, Vols. 1 and 2. Springer
Science, New York.
ITAA. 1936. Income Tax Assessment Act. Government of the Commonwealth of Australia.
Khayan, M. 1984. Classification of natural bitumen. In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer,
J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 7.
Lowry, H.H. (Ed.). 1945. Chemistry of Coal Utilization, Vols. I and II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Lowry, H.H. (Ed.). 1963. Chemistry of Coal Utilization. Supplementary Volume. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Meyers, R.A. 1981. Coal desulfurization. In Coal Handbook, R.A. Meyers (Ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, p. 7 et seq.
Mohamed, N.H. and Zaky, M.T. 2005. Petroleum Science and Technology. 23: 483–493.
Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N. 1973. Organic Chemistry, 3rd edn. Allyn & Bacon, Inc., Boston, MA, p. 40.
Ray, R.M., Brashear, J.P., and Biglarbigi, K. September 30, 1991. Classification system targets unrecovered US
oil reserves. Oil and Gas Journal 89: 89–93.
Speight, J.G. 2000. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. (Ed.). 2005. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 16th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Speight, J.G. 2009. Enhanced Recovery Methods for Heavy Oil and Tar Sands. Gulf Publishing Company,
Houston, TX.
Speight, J.G. 2013. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca
Raton, FL.
Tissot, B.P. and Welte, D.H. 1978. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer-Verlag, New York.
US Congress. 1976. Public Law FEA-76-4. United States Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Van Nes, K. and van Westen, H.A. 1951. Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral Oils. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
the Netherlands.
Classification
ASTM D4175. 2012. Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants,
Vol. 05.03. Annual Book of Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
Bestougeff, M. 1967. In Fundamental Aspects of Petroleum Geochemistry, B. Nagy and U. Colombo (Eds.).
Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Chapter 3.
Bestougeff, M.A., Burollet, P.F., and Byramjee, R.J. 1984. In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands,
R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 12.
Burg, P., Selves, J.L., and Colin, J.P. 1997. Crude Oils: Modelling from chromatographic data—A new tool for
classification. Fuel 76: 85–91.
Considine, D.M. and Considine, G.D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Chemistry, 4th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
New York.
Costantinides, G. and Arich, G. 1967. Nonhydrocarbon Compounds in petroleum. In Fundamental Aspects of
Petroleum Geochemistry, B. Nagy and U. Colombo (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Chapter 4.
Danyluk, M.D., Galbraith, B.E., and Omana, R.A. 1984. Toward definitions for heavy crude oil and tar sands.
In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGrawHill, New York, p. 3.
Fessenden, R.J. and Fessenden, J.S. 1990. Organic Chemistry, 4th edn. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Pacific
Grove, CA.
Gary, J.G., Handwerk, G.E., and Kaiser, M.J. 2007. Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, 5th edn.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Gibson, B.J. 1984. Methods of classifying heavy Crude Oils using the UNITAR Viscosity-based definition. In
The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer, J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, p. 17.
Gruse, W.A. and Stevens, D.R. 1960. The Chemical Technology of Petroleum. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hessley, R.A. 1990. Coal. In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook, J.G. Speight (Ed.). Marcel Dekker Inc.,
New York.
Hobson, G.D. and Pohl, W. 1973. Modern Petroleum Technology, 4th edn. Applied Science Publishers Inc.,
Barking, U.K.
Hsu, C.S. and Robinson, P.R. (Eds.). 2006. Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing, Vols. 1 and 2. Springer
Science, New York.
ITAA. 1936. Income Tax Assessment Act. Government of the Commonwealth of Australia.
Khayan, M. 1984. Classification of natural bitumen. In The Future of Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, R.F. Meyer,
J.C. Wynn, and J.C. Olson (Eds.). McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 7.
Lowry, H.H. (Ed.). 1945. Chemistry of Coal Utilization, Vols. I and II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Lowry, H.H. (Ed.). 1963. Chemistry of Coal Utilization. Supplementary Volume. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Meyers, R.A. 1981. Coal desulfurization. In Coal Handbook, R.A. Meyers (Ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, p. 7 et seq.
Mohamed, N.H. and Zaky, M.T. 2005. Petroleum Science and Technology. 23: 483–493.
Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N. 1973. Organic Chemistry, 3rd edn. Allyn & Bacon, Inc., Boston, MA, p. 40.
Ray, R.M., Brashear, J.P., and Biglarbigi, K. September 30, 1991. Classification system targets unrecovered US
oil reserves. Oil and Gas Journal 89: 89–93.
Speight, J.G. 2000. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. (Ed.). 2005. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 16th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Speight, J.G. 2009. Enhanced Recovery Methods for Heavy Oil and Tar Sands. Gulf Publishing Company,
Houston, TX.
Speight, J.G. 2013. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca
Raton, FL.
Tissot, B.P. and Welte, D.H. 1978. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer-Verlag, New York.
US Congress. 1976. Public Law FEA-76-4. United States Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Van Nes, K. and van Westen, H.A. 1951. Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral Oils. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
the Netherlands.