457
Refining Chemistry
Ebert, L.B., Mills, D.R., and Scanlon, J.C. 1987. Preprints. Division of Petroleum Chemistry American
Chemical Society 32(2): 419.
Egloff, G. 1937. The Reactions of Pure Hydrocarbons. Reinhold, New York.
Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. 1994. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Fabuss, B.M., Smith, J.O., and Satterfield, C.N., 1964. Thermal cracking of pure saturated hydrocarbons. In
Advances in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining, Vol. 3, J.J. McKetta (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York,
pp. 156–201.
Fitzer, E., Mueller, K., and Schaefer, W. 1971. The chemistry of the pyrolytic conversion of organic compounds
to carbon. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon 7: 237–383.
Furimsky, E. 1983. Thermochemical and mechanistic aspects of removal of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from
petroleum. Erdol und Kohle 36: 518.
Gray, M.R. 1994. Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Hajji, A.A., Muller, H., and Koseoglu, O.R. 2010. Molecular details of hydrocracking feedstocks. Saudi
Aramco Journal of Technology, Spring, 1–12.
Henderson, J.H. and Weber, L. 1965. Physical upgrading of heavy oils by the application of heat. Journal of
Canadian Petroleum Technology 4: 206–212.
Hurd, C.D. 1929. The Pyrolysis of Carbon Compounds. The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., New York.
Jones, D.S.J. 1995. Elements of Petroleum Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Keller, W.D. 1985. Clays. In Kirk Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, M. Grayson (Ed.).
Wiley Interscience, New York, p. 283.
Kim, H. and Long, R.B. 1979. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 18: 60.
King, P.J., Morton, F., and Sagarra, A. 1973. In Modern Petroleum Technology, G.D. Hobson and W. Pohl
(Eds.). Applied Science Publishers, Barking, Essex, U.K.
Langer, A.W., Stewart, J., Thompson, C.E., White, H.T., and Hill, R.M. 1961. Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry 53: 27.
Laszlo, P. 1995. Organic Reactions: Logic and Simplicity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Levinter, M.E., Medvedeva, M.I., Panchenkov, G.M., Agapov, G.I., Galiakbarov, M.F., and Galikeev, R.K.
1967. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 4: 20.
Levinter, M.E., Medvedeva, M.I., Panchenkov, G.M., Aseev, Y.G., Nedoshivin, Y.N., Finkelshtein, G.B., and
Galiakbarov, M.F. 1966. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 9: 31.
Magaril, R.A. and Aksenova, E.L. 1968. International and Chemical Engineering 8: 727.
Magaril, R.A. and Ramazaeva, L.F. 1969. Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 12(1): 61.
Magaril, R.L., Ramazaeva, L.F., and Askenova, E.I. 1970. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv Masel. 15(3): 15.
Magaril, R.Z. and Aksenova, E.I. 1970. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 7: 22.
Magaril, R.Z., Ramazeava, L.F., and Aksenova, E.I. 1971. International and Chemical Engineering 11: 250.
Masel, R.I. 1995. Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Mitchell, D.L. and Speight, J.G. 1973. The solubility of asphaltenes in hydrocarbon solvents. Fuel 52: 149.
Moschopedis, S.E., Fryer, J.F., and Speight, J.G. 1976. An investigation of asphaltene molecular weights. Fuel
55: 227.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. 1999. Petroleum refining
processes. In OSHA Technical Manual, Section IV, Chapter 2. Washington, DC. http://www.osha.gov/
dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html.
Overfield, R.E., Sheu, E.Y., Sinha, S.K., and Liang, K.S. 1989. SANS study of asphaltene aggregation. Fuel
Science and Technology International 7: 611.
Pines, H. 1981. The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions. Academic Press, New York.
Rhoe, A. and de Blignieres, C. 1979. Hydrocarbon Processing 58(1): 131–136.
Samorjai, G.A. 1994. Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Savage, P.E., Klein, M.T., and Kukes, S.G. 1988. Asphaltene reaction pathways 3. Effect of reaction environment. Energy & Fuels 2: 619–628.
Schabron, J.F. and Speight, J.G. 1997. An evaluation of the delayed coking product yield of heavy feedstocks
using asphaltene content and carbon residue. Révue Institut Français de Pétrole 52(1): 73–85.
Schucker, R.C. and Keweshan, C.F. 1980. Reactivity of cold lake asphaltenes. Preprints. Division of Fuel
Chemistry American Chemical Society 25: 155.
Smith, M.B. 1994. Organic Synthesis. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. 1970. Thermal cracking of athabasca bitumen, athabasca asphaltenes, and athabasca deasphalted
heavy oil. Fuel 49: 134.
Speight, J.G. 1984. Upgrading heavy oils and residua: The nature of the problem. In Catalysis on the Energy
Scene, S. Kaliaguine and A. Mahay (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, p. 515.
Refining Chemistry
Ebert, L.B., Mills, D.R., and Scanlon, J.C. 1987. Preprints. Division of Petroleum Chemistry American
Chemical Society 32(2): 419.
Egloff, G. 1937. The Reactions of Pure Hydrocarbons. Reinhold, New York.
Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. 1994. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Fabuss, B.M., Smith, J.O., and Satterfield, C.N., 1964. Thermal cracking of pure saturated hydrocarbons. In
Advances in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining, Vol. 3, J.J. McKetta (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York,
pp. 156–201.
Fitzer, E., Mueller, K., and Schaefer, W. 1971. The chemistry of the pyrolytic conversion of organic compounds
to carbon. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon 7: 237–383.
Furimsky, E. 1983. Thermochemical and mechanistic aspects of removal of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from
petroleum. Erdol und Kohle 36: 518.
Gray, M.R. 1994. Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Hajji, A.A., Muller, H., and Koseoglu, O.R. 2010. Molecular details of hydrocracking feedstocks. Saudi
Aramco Journal of Technology, Spring, 1–12.
Henderson, J.H. and Weber, L. 1965. Physical upgrading of heavy oils by the application of heat. Journal of
Canadian Petroleum Technology 4: 206–212.
Hurd, C.D. 1929. The Pyrolysis of Carbon Compounds. The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., New York.
Jones, D.S.J. 1995. Elements of Petroleum Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Keller, W.D. 1985. Clays. In Kirk Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, M. Grayson (Ed.).
Wiley Interscience, New York, p. 283.
Kim, H. and Long, R.B. 1979. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 18: 60.
King, P.J., Morton, F., and Sagarra, A. 1973. In Modern Petroleum Technology, G.D. Hobson and W. Pohl
(Eds.). Applied Science Publishers, Barking, Essex, U.K.
Langer, A.W., Stewart, J., Thompson, C.E., White, H.T., and Hill, R.M. 1961. Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry 53: 27.
Laszlo, P. 1995. Organic Reactions: Logic and Simplicity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Levinter, M.E., Medvedeva, M.I., Panchenkov, G.M., Agapov, G.I., Galiakbarov, M.F., and Galikeev, R.K.
1967. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 4: 20.
Levinter, M.E., Medvedeva, M.I., Panchenkov, G.M., Aseev, Y.G., Nedoshivin, Y.N., Finkelshtein, G.B., and
Galiakbarov, M.F. 1966. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 9: 31.
Magaril, R.A. and Aksenova, E.L. 1968. International and Chemical Engineering 8: 727.
Magaril, R.A. and Ramazaeva, L.F. 1969. Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 12(1): 61.
Magaril, R.L., Ramazaeva, L.F., and Askenova, E.I. 1970. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv Masel. 15(3): 15.
Magaril, R.Z. and Aksenova, E.I. 1970. Khim. Tekhnol. Topliv. Masel. No. 7: 22.
Magaril, R.Z., Ramazeava, L.F., and Aksenova, E.I. 1971. International and Chemical Engineering 11: 250.
Masel, R.I. 1995. Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Mitchell, D.L. and Speight, J.G. 1973. The solubility of asphaltenes in hydrocarbon solvents. Fuel 52: 149.
Moschopedis, S.E., Fryer, J.F., and Speight, J.G. 1976. An investigation of asphaltene molecular weights. Fuel
55: 227.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. 1999. Petroleum refining
processes. In OSHA Technical Manual, Section IV, Chapter 2. Washington, DC. http://www.osha.gov/
dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html.
Overfield, R.E., Sheu, E.Y., Sinha, S.K., and Liang, K.S. 1989. SANS study of asphaltene aggregation. Fuel
Science and Technology International 7: 611.
Pines, H. 1981. The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions. Academic Press, New York.
Rhoe, A. and de Blignieres, C. 1979. Hydrocarbon Processing 58(1): 131–136.
Samorjai, G.A. 1994. Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Savage, P.E., Klein, M.T., and Kukes, S.G. 1988. Asphaltene reaction pathways 3. Effect of reaction environment. Energy & Fuels 2: 619–628.
Schabron, J.F. and Speight, J.G. 1997. An evaluation of the delayed coking product yield of heavy feedstocks
using asphaltene content and carbon residue. Révue Institut Français de Pétrole 52(1): 73–85.
Schucker, R.C. and Keweshan, C.F. 1980. Reactivity of cold lake asphaltenes. Preprints. Division of Fuel
Chemistry American Chemical Society 25: 155.
Smith, M.B. 1994. Organic Synthesis. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. 1970. Thermal cracking of athabasca bitumen, athabasca asphaltenes, and athabasca deasphalted
heavy oil. Fuel 49: 134.
Speight, J.G. 1984. Upgrading heavy oils and residua: The nature of the problem. In Catalysis on the Energy
Scene, S. Kaliaguine and A. Mahay (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, p. 515.