4 CONCLUSION
Based on this study, it is found that utilization of an air conditioning system in a close room increases
the risk of spreading the virus. First, the impact can be reduced by putting in more clean air to dilute
the air in the interior. This effort can be done by optimizing natural ventilation through window
openings and artificial airing system if it is not possible to open the window. On the other hand,
introducing more fresh air will have an impact on the performance of a heavier AC engine. Second,
if the building is using a central air conditioner, the UVG system can be integrated into the AHU.
In addition, the placement of lamps in AHU ensures the UV rays do not disturb the occupants.
In the interior, the supply and return point are designed in such way so the air can be circulated,
UV-ed, filtered, as quick as possible. The return inlets are positioned as low as the floor level to
clean up the fallen droplet. Therefore, the rooms are designed to separate the clean air and dirty
(or may contaminated) air. Third, redesigning the layout of workspace. Creating zig-zag seating
arrangement not only reduces rooms capacity but also increases a safe distance between occupants
(more than 1–3 meters). This study recommends that other studies be conducted related to how to
create an air conditioning system that still optimizes fresh air but has high energy efficiency.
REFERENCES
Fennelly, K.P., J.W. Martyny, K.E. Fulton, I.M. Orme, D.M. Cave, and L.B. Heifets. 2004. Coughgenerated
aerosols of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A new method to study infectiousness. American Journal of
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 169:604–609.
Gilrandy S. and Apriliyanthi, S. Atidesa. A. 2020. Dream House that Respond to Pandemic Situation. Webinar.
Indonesia, May 16, 2020
Hatmoko, A. 2020. Isu Utama Pasca Covid. Berubahkah Tatanan Arsitektur Pasca Covid-19? Webinar. IAI
Sumatera Barat.
Heath, O. Biophillic Design. How to create interior spaces that enhance our physical and mental wellbeing.
Webinar. Singapore, May 18, 2020
Heidegger, M. 1971. Poetry, Language, Thought. Building, Dwelling, Thinking. New York: Harper & Row
Ibold, S., Medimorec, N., Wagner A. Peruzzo, J. 2020. The Covid 19 Outbreak and Implications to
Sustainable Urban Mobility. TUMI Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative. Retrieved 16:23, July
23, 2020 from https://www.transformative-mobility.org/news/the-covid-19-outbreak-and-implications-topublic-transport-some-observations
Infrastructure Guidance for COVID-19/Alternate Care Sites. June 9, 2020. The HILLSIDE. Retrieved
07:51, August 1, 2020 from https://thehillside.info/index.php?title=Infrastructure_Guidance_for_COVID19/Alternate_Care_Sites&oldid=2128.
Li, Y. 2011. The secret behind the mask. (Editorial.) Indoor Air 21(2):89–91.
Libanori, M. 2020. The Power of Colors. Smarter Impact: Webinar Series. Webinar. Singapore, May 7, 2020
Lu, J., Gu, J., Li, K., Xu, C., Su, W., Lai, Z....Yang, Z. 2020. COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air
Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7):1628–1631.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200764.
Memarzadeh, Farhad. 2011. Literature review of the effect of temperature and humidity on viruses. ASHRAE
Transactions 117(2).
Morawska, J.W. Tang, et al. 2020. How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?,
Environment International (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832.
Nicas, M. and R.M. Jones. 2009. Relative contributions of four exposure pathways to influenza infection risk.
Risk Analysis 29:1292–303.
Pramedesty, R., et al. 2018. Co-Working Space Sebagai Solusi Kebutuhan Ruang Kerja Berdasarkan
Karakteristik Startup Kreatif. Idealog: Ide dan Dialog Desain Indonesia, [S.l.], 3(1):50–60.
Schoen, L. 2014. ASHRAE Position Document on Airborne Infectious Diseases. Atlanta: ASHRAE
Hibaru. UV LAMP & UVC- Membunuh Bakteri, Virus, Jamur, Lumut DLL (2020, June 9). PT Hibaru. Retrieved
21:51, August 1, 2020 from http://www.hibaru-online.com/uv-lamp-uvc-membunuh-bakteri-virus-jamurlumut-dll
Serres, A. 2020. Human Centric Design. Smarter Impact: Webinar Series. Webinar. Singapore, May 5, 2020
69
Based on this study, it is found that utilization of an air conditioning system in a close room increases
the risk of spreading the virus. First, the impact can be reduced by putting in more clean air to dilute
the air in the interior. This effort can be done by optimizing natural ventilation through window
openings and artificial airing system if it is not possible to open the window. On the other hand,
introducing more fresh air will have an impact on the performance of a heavier AC engine. Second,
if the building is using a central air conditioner, the UVG system can be integrated into the AHU.
In addition, the placement of lamps in AHU ensures the UV rays do not disturb the occupants.
In the interior, the supply and return point are designed in such way so the air can be circulated,
UV-ed, filtered, as quick as possible. The return inlets are positioned as low as the floor level to
clean up the fallen droplet. Therefore, the rooms are designed to separate the clean air and dirty
(or may contaminated) air. Third, redesigning the layout of workspace. Creating zig-zag seating
arrangement not only reduces rooms capacity but also increases a safe distance between occupants
(more than 1–3 meters). This study recommends that other studies be conducted related to how to
create an air conditioning system that still optimizes fresh air but has high energy efficiency.
REFERENCES
Fennelly, K.P., J.W. Martyny, K.E. Fulton, I.M. Orme, D.M. Cave, and L.B. Heifets. 2004. Coughgenerated
aerosols of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A new method to study infectiousness. American Journal of
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 169:604–609.
Gilrandy S. and Apriliyanthi, S. Atidesa. A. 2020. Dream House that Respond to Pandemic Situation. Webinar.
Indonesia, May 16, 2020
Hatmoko, A. 2020. Isu Utama Pasca Covid. Berubahkah Tatanan Arsitektur Pasca Covid-19? Webinar. IAI
Sumatera Barat.
Heath, O. Biophillic Design. How to create interior spaces that enhance our physical and mental wellbeing.
Webinar. Singapore, May 18, 2020
Heidegger, M. 1971. Poetry, Language, Thought. Building, Dwelling, Thinking. New York: Harper & Row
Ibold, S., Medimorec, N., Wagner A. Peruzzo, J. 2020. The Covid 19 Outbreak and Implications to
Sustainable Urban Mobility. TUMI Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative. Retrieved 16:23, July
23, 2020 from https://www.transformative-mobility.org/news/the-covid-19-outbreak-and-implications-topublic-transport-some-observations
Infrastructure Guidance for COVID-19/Alternate Care Sites. June 9, 2020. The HILLSIDE. Retrieved
07:51, August 1, 2020 from https://thehillside.info/index.php?title=Infrastructure_Guidance_for_COVID19/Alternate_Care_Sites&oldid=2128.
Li, Y. 2011. The secret behind the mask. (Editorial.) Indoor Air 21(2):89–91.
Libanori, M. 2020. The Power of Colors. Smarter Impact: Webinar Series. Webinar. Singapore, May 7, 2020
Lu, J., Gu, J., Li, K., Xu, C., Su, W., Lai, Z....Yang, Z. 2020. COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air
Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7):1628–1631.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200764.
Memarzadeh, Farhad. 2011. Literature review of the effect of temperature and humidity on viruses. ASHRAE
Transactions 117(2).
Morawska, J.W. Tang, et al. 2020. How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?,
Environment International (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832.
Nicas, M. and R.M. Jones. 2009. Relative contributions of four exposure pathways to influenza infection risk.
Risk Analysis 29:1292–303.
Pramedesty, R., et al. 2018. Co-Working Space Sebagai Solusi Kebutuhan Ruang Kerja Berdasarkan
Karakteristik Startup Kreatif. Idealog: Ide dan Dialog Desain Indonesia, [S.l.], 3(1):50–60.
Schoen, L. 2014. ASHRAE Position Document on Airborne Infectious Diseases. Atlanta: ASHRAE
Hibaru. UV LAMP & UVC- Membunuh Bakteri, Virus, Jamur, Lumut DLL (2020, June 9). PT Hibaru. Retrieved
21:51, August 1, 2020 from http://www.hibaru-online.com/uv-lamp-uvc-membunuh-bakteri-virus-jamurlumut-dll
Serres, A. 2020. Human Centric Design. Smarter Impact: Webinar Series. Webinar. Singapore, May 5, 2020
69