xii Preface
can also occur, resulting in, for example, cable swaps, reversed polarities, or
short circuits. Sometimes these errors are very difficult to detect and correct.
On the other hand, the design model almost always employs some simplifications in the treatment of the physical processes involved and makes some
omissions of the less significant effects. The small errors on the many individual components can add up to cause substantial differences to the beam
dynamics behavior between the model and reality.
Beam-based methods are essential to detect the errors in the machine
and to suggest the adjustments necessary to achieve high performance. These
methods can be classified into two categories: beam-based correction and beambased optimization. The correction methods rely on the diagnostics to probe
the behaviors of the machine and advanced data analysis techniques to extract
useful information. The optimization methods, however, treat the machine as
a black-box; they probe the parameter space by trying out new settings and
use the result to guide the search for the optimal setting.
In this book we will systematically examine the two beam-based approaches for accelerators. Part I aims at providing the theoretical background
for the discussion of accelerator operation challenges. Part II of the book
is dedicated to beam-based correction. It covers orbit correction, linear optics measurement and correction, and linear coupling and nonlinear dynamics
correction. Part III is dedicated to beam-based optimization, which includes
general considerations, optimization algorithms, and examples of online optimization experiments.
Beam-based methods are an extensively researched area with a long history. This book is focused on the techniques that are deemed useful in practical
accelerator operations, instead of the historical development of the methods.
Although I tried to properly reference past works on the topics, inevitably
some may have been inadvertently neglected. I apologize for any such cases.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank many colleagues who helped
to make this work possible. My PhD advisor, Prof. S. Y. Lee, provided wise
guidance in my early research that led me into the study of beam-based methods. Eric Prebys, Ray Tomlin, and Chuck Ankenbrandt supported my work
at Fermilab. At SLAC, Dr. James Safranek has been a constant source of
support. I benefited greatly from him through many inspiring discussions.
Bob Hettel, Jim Sebek, and Jeff Corbett have also been very helpful. Special
thanks go to SPEAR3 operators for their support during many accelerator
physics experiments. Xi Yang of BNL provided BPM data from NSLS-II that
are used in Chapters 5 and 6. Jim Sebek read Chapters 1 and 2 of the draft
and provided valuable editing suggestions.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife, Suyan Ling, for her
unwavering support on the home front.
Xiaobiao Huang
Palo Alto, CA
can also occur, resulting in, for example, cable swaps, reversed polarities, or
short circuits. Sometimes these errors are very difficult to detect and correct.
On the other hand, the design model almost always employs some simplifications in the treatment of the physical processes involved and makes some
omissions of the less significant effects. The small errors on the many individual components can add up to cause substantial differences to the beam
dynamics behavior between the model and reality.
Beam-based methods are essential to detect the errors in the machine
and to suggest the adjustments necessary to achieve high performance. These
methods can be classified into two categories: beam-based correction and beambased optimization. The correction methods rely on the diagnostics to probe
the behaviors of the machine and advanced data analysis techniques to extract
useful information. The optimization methods, however, treat the machine as
a black-box; they probe the parameter space by trying out new settings and
use the result to guide the search for the optimal setting.
In this book we will systematically examine the two beam-based approaches for accelerators. Part I aims at providing the theoretical background
for the discussion of accelerator operation challenges. Part II of the book
is dedicated to beam-based correction. It covers orbit correction, linear optics measurement and correction, and linear coupling and nonlinear dynamics
correction. Part III is dedicated to beam-based optimization, which includes
general considerations, optimization algorithms, and examples of online optimization experiments.
Beam-based methods are an extensively researched area with a long history. This book is focused on the techniques that are deemed useful in practical
accelerator operations, instead of the historical development of the methods.
Although I tried to properly reference past works on the topics, inevitably
some may have been inadvertently neglected. I apologize for any such cases.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank many colleagues who helped
to make this work possible. My PhD advisor, Prof. S. Y. Lee, provided wise
guidance in my early research that led me into the study of beam-based methods. Eric Prebys, Ray Tomlin, and Chuck Ankenbrandt supported my work
at Fermilab. At SLAC, Dr. James Safranek has been a constant source of
support. I benefited greatly from him through many inspiring discussions.
Bob Hettel, Jim Sebek, and Jeff Corbett have also been very helpful. Special
thanks go to SPEAR3 operators for their support during many accelerator
physics experiments. Xi Yang of BNL provided BPM data from NSLS-II that
are used in Chapters 5 and 6. Jim Sebek read Chapters 1 and 2 of the draft
and provided valuable editing suggestions.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife, Suyan Ling, for her
unwavering support on the home front.
Xiaobiao Huang
Palo Alto, CA