689
Energy harvesting enables a recovery of energy, securing the communication between wireless sensors. Research on wireless sensors, which does not require a fixed source of energy,
was intensively developed in the last decade (Jasiulek et al. 2013, Jasiulek 2014). The investigations are carried out in the following three main directions:
− the organization of radio communication,
− the minimization of energy consumption by electronic components, and
− power supply system.
Self-powered sensors communicate with master devices through radio transmission systems of low energy consumption (usually it is Bluetooth Low Energy standard).
2.2 Intelligent computer communication networks
Future mining of seams with high methane content, threatened by bumps and high temperatures, forces the designers to develop autonomous systems to withdraw personnel from
dangerous zones and to reduce its role mainly to supervision activities. Operational problems, described above, have an impact on control systems and safety of mine transportation.
Results of research projects aiming at increasing the reliability of those machines and at
permanent monitoring are known (Batko et al. 2008). Work on a development of technical
solutions that enable a reliable supervision of the transportation machines is also carried out
(Gładysiewicz 2011). Information on the rotational speed, vibrations, and temperature of
critical nodes of machines and monitoring in real time is of key importance for work safety
in underground workings, especially as regards fire hazards.
After the acquisition, a wireless communication system between the machines (Ad Hoc
communication), transferring data to the central computer is the last stage of the measuring
cycle. In such grids, routing protocols based on artificial intelligence technology and methods
are used more frequently.
2.2.1 Routing protocols in Ad Hoc networks
A routing protocol ensures the passage of data packages from the source node to the target
node. Bearing in mind the mentioned limitations of an Ad Hoc network, the realization of
this task is not easy. Many different routing protocols, which can be implemented in Ad Hoc
mobile networks, are available. The existing solutions can be classified as follows (Boukerche
2009, Sarkar et al. 2012, Słoczyński 2004):
− Proactive protocols, where routes are stored in routing tables.
− Reactive protocols are also known as routing protocols on demand.
− Hybrid protocols combine the properties of proactive and reactive protocols.
2.2.2 The self-organizing structure of sensor network
The self-organizing communication structure, named SSKIR (Stankiewicz 2014), is based on
one of the artificial intelligence technologies, “swarm intelligence,” which is a direct implementation of phenomena and behaviour in nature among organisms living in large groups.
Their behaviour, to some extent, can be transferred to the operation of routing protocols.
The system structures developed by humans (irrespectively of real implementation), using the
swarm algorithm, have high possibilities for adaptation and high operational reliability. In
1987, during the SIGGRAPH conference, the programmer Craig Reynolds, in the paper entitled “Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioural Model,” suggested three basic
rules of self-organization based on observed groups of animals, as follows (Reynolds 1987):
− Collision avoidance is a control eliminating a local concentration of individuals. Collision
avoidance eliminates accumulation of hardware and decision structures.
− Flock centrings are actions towards the average behaviour of local groups of individuals.
− Velocity matching rules are actions towards the average objective of local groups of individuals. Velocity matching enables an individual to adapt its actions to other individuals
from its local group.
Energy harvesting enables a recovery of energy, securing the communication between wireless sensors. Research on wireless sensors, which does not require a fixed source of energy,
was intensively developed in the last decade (Jasiulek et al. 2013, Jasiulek 2014). The investigations are carried out in the following three main directions:
− the organization of radio communication,
− the minimization of energy consumption by electronic components, and
− power supply system.
Self-powered sensors communicate with master devices through radio transmission systems of low energy consumption (usually it is Bluetooth Low Energy standard).
2.2 Intelligent computer communication networks
Future mining of seams with high methane content, threatened by bumps and high temperatures, forces the designers to develop autonomous systems to withdraw personnel from
dangerous zones and to reduce its role mainly to supervision activities. Operational problems, described above, have an impact on control systems and safety of mine transportation.
Results of research projects aiming at increasing the reliability of those machines and at
permanent monitoring are known (Batko et al. 2008). Work on a development of technical
solutions that enable a reliable supervision of the transportation machines is also carried out
(Gładysiewicz 2011). Information on the rotational speed, vibrations, and temperature of
critical nodes of machines and monitoring in real time is of key importance for work safety
in underground workings, especially as regards fire hazards.
After the acquisition, a wireless communication system between the machines (Ad Hoc
communication), transferring data to the central computer is the last stage of the measuring
cycle. In such grids, routing protocols based on artificial intelligence technology and methods
are used more frequently.
2.2.1 Routing protocols in Ad Hoc networks
A routing protocol ensures the passage of data packages from the source node to the target
node. Bearing in mind the mentioned limitations of an Ad Hoc network, the realization of
this task is not easy. Many different routing protocols, which can be implemented in Ad Hoc
mobile networks, are available. The existing solutions can be classified as follows (Boukerche
2009, Sarkar et al. 2012, Słoczyński 2004):
− Proactive protocols, where routes are stored in routing tables.
− Reactive protocols are also known as routing protocols on demand.
− Hybrid protocols combine the properties of proactive and reactive protocols.
2.2.2 The self-organizing structure of sensor network
The self-organizing communication structure, named SSKIR (Stankiewicz 2014), is based on
one of the artificial intelligence technologies, “swarm intelligence,” which is a direct implementation of phenomena and behaviour in nature among organisms living in large groups.
Their behaviour, to some extent, can be transferred to the operation of routing protocols.
The system structures developed by humans (irrespectively of real implementation), using the
swarm algorithm, have high possibilities for adaptation and high operational reliability. In
1987, during the SIGGRAPH conference, the programmer Craig Reynolds, in the paper entitled “Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioural Model,” suggested three basic
rules of self-organization based on observed groups of animals, as follows (Reynolds 1987):
− Collision avoidance is a control eliminating a local concentration of individuals. Collision
avoidance eliminates accumulation of hardware and decision structures.
− Flock centrings are actions towards the average behaviour of local groups of individuals.
− Velocity matching rules are actions towards the average objective of local groups of individuals. Velocity matching enables an individual to adapt its actions to other individuals
from its local group.