71. Schmidt M, Priemé A, Stougaard P (2006) High microbial diversity in permanently cold and
alkaline ikaite columns from Greenland. Extremophiles 10:551–562
72. Trampe E, Castenholz RW, Larsen JE, Kühl M (2017) Phototrophic microbes form endolithic
biofilms in ikaite tufa columns (SW Greenland). Environ Microbiol 19:4754–4770
73. Vester JK, Glaring MA, Stougaard P (2014) Discovery of novel enzymes with industrial
potential from a cold and alkaline environment by a combination of functional metagenomics
and culturing. Microb Cell Factories 13:72
74. Schmidt M, Prieme A, Stougaard P (2006) Rhodonellum psychrophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a
novel psychrophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from
Greenland. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2887–2892
75. Schmidt M, Priemé A, Stougaard P (2007) Arsukibacterium ikkense gen. nov., sp. nov, a novel
alkaliphilic, enzyme-producing γ-Proteobacterium isolated from a cold and alkaline environment in Greenland. Syst Appl Microbiol 30:197–201
76. Schmidt M, Priemé A, Johansen A, Stougaard P (2012) Alkalilactibacillus ikkensis, gen. nov.,
sp. nov., a novel enzyme-producing bacterium from a cold and alkaline environment in
Greenland. Extremophiles 16:297–305
77. Mono Basin Ecosystem Study Committee, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council
(1987) The Mono Basin ecosystem: effects of changing lake level. National Academy Press,
Washington
78. Reimer A, Landmann G, Kempe S (2009) Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, hydrochemistry and
history. Aquat Geochem 15:195–222
79. Roadcap GS, Sanford RA, Jin Q, Pardinas JR, Bethke CM (2006) Extremely alkaline (pH > 12)
ground water hosts diverse microbial community. Ground Water 44:511–517
80. Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Szabó A, Deja-Sikora E, Kosobucki P, Walczak M (2017)
Microbial communities associated with the anthropogenic, highly alkaline environment of a
saline soda lime, Poland. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 110:945–962
81. Agnew MD, Koval SF, Jarrell KF (1995) Isolation and characterization of novel alkaliphiles
from bauxite-processing waste and description of Bacillus vedderi sp. nov., a new obligate
alkaliphile. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:221–230
82. Takai K, Moser DP, Onstott TC, Spoelstra N, Pfiffner SM, Dohnalkova A, Fredrikson JK
(2001) Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium
isolated from a deep South Africa gold mine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1245–1256
83. Ren L, Han Y, Yang S, Tan X, Wang J, Zhao X, Fan J, Dong T, Zhou Z (2014) Isolation,
identification and primary application of bacteria from putrid alkaline silica sol. Front Chem
Sci Eng 8:330–339
84. Aino K, Hirota K, Okamoto T, Tu Z, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2018) Microbial communities
associated with indigo fermentation that thrive in anaerobic alkaline environments. Front
Microbiol 9:2196
85. Yumoto I, Hirota K, Nodasak Y, Yokota Y, Hoshino T, Nakajima K (2004) Alkalibacterium
psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:2379–2383
86. Nishita M, Hirota K, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2017) Development of media to accelerate the
isolation of indigo-reducing bacteria, which are difficult to isolate using conventional media.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:133
87. Aino K, Narihiro T, Minamida K, Kamagata Y, Yoshimune K, Yumoto I (2010) Bacterial
community characterization and dynamics of indigo fermentation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol
74:174–183
88. Okamoto T, Aino K, Narihiro T, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2017) Analysis of microbiota
involved in the aged natural fermentation of indigo. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:70
89. Collins MD, Lund BM, Farrow JAE, Schleifer KH (1983) Chemotaxonomic study of an
alkalophilic bacterium, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum gen. nov., sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol
129:2037–2042
Isolation and Cultivation of Alkaliphiles
81
alkaline ikaite columns from Greenland. Extremophiles 10:551–562
72. Trampe E, Castenholz RW, Larsen JE, Kühl M (2017) Phototrophic microbes form endolithic
biofilms in ikaite tufa columns (SW Greenland). Environ Microbiol 19:4754–4770
73. Vester JK, Glaring MA, Stougaard P (2014) Discovery of novel enzymes with industrial
potential from a cold and alkaline environment by a combination of functional metagenomics
and culturing. Microb Cell Factories 13:72
74. Schmidt M, Prieme A, Stougaard P (2006) Rhodonellum psychrophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a
novel psychrophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from
Greenland. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2887–2892
75. Schmidt M, Priemé A, Stougaard P (2007) Arsukibacterium ikkense gen. nov., sp. nov, a novel
alkaliphilic, enzyme-producing γ-Proteobacterium isolated from a cold and alkaline environment in Greenland. Syst Appl Microbiol 30:197–201
76. Schmidt M, Priemé A, Johansen A, Stougaard P (2012) Alkalilactibacillus ikkensis, gen. nov.,
sp. nov., a novel enzyme-producing bacterium from a cold and alkaline environment in
Greenland. Extremophiles 16:297–305
77. Mono Basin Ecosystem Study Committee, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council
(1987) The Mono Basin ecosystem: effects of changing lake level. National Academy Press,
Washington
78. Reimer A, Landmann G, Kempe S (2009) Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, hydrochemistry and
history. Aquat Geochem 15:195–222
79. Roadcap GS, Sanford RA, Jin Q, Pardinas JR, Bethke CM (2006) Extremely alkaline (pH > 12)
ground water hosts diverse microbial community. Ground Water 44:511–517
80. Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Szabó A, Deja-Sikora E, Kosobucki P, Walczak M (2017)
Microbial communities associated with the anthropogenic, highly alkaline environment of a
saline soda lime, Poland. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 110:945–962
81. Agnew MD, Koval SF, Jarrell KF (1995) Isolation and characterization of novel alkaliphiles
from bauxite-processing waste and description of Bacillus vedderi sp. nov., a new obligate
alkaliphile. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:221–230
82. Takai K, Moser DP, Onstott TC, Spoelstra N, Pfiffner SM, Dohnalkova A, Fredrikson JK
(2001) Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium
isolated from a deep South Africa gold mine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1245–1256
83. Ren L, Han Y, Yang S, Tan X, Wang J, Zhao X, Fan J, Dong T, Zhou Z (2014) Isolation,
identification and primary application of bacteria from putrid alkaline silica sol. Front Chem
Sci Eng 8:330–339
84. Aino K, Hirota K, Okamoto T, Tu Z, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2018) Microbial communities
associated with indigo fermentation that thrive in anaerobic alkaline environments. Front
Microbiol 9:2196
85. Yumoto I, Hirota K, Nodasak Y, Yokota Y, Hoshino T, Nakajima K (2004) Alkalibacterium
psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:2379–2383
86. Nishita M, Hirota K, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2017) Development of media to accelerate the
isolation of indigo-reducing bacteria, which are difficult to isolate using conventional media.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:133
87. Aino K, Narihiro T, Minamida K, Kamagata Y, Yoshimune K, Yumoto I (2010) Bacterial
community characterization and dynamics of indigo fermentation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol
74:174–183
88. Okamoto T, Aino K, Narihiro T, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I (2017) Analysis of microbiota
involved in the aged natural fermentation of indigo. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:70
89. Collins MD, Lund BM, Farrow JAE, Schleifer KH (1983) Chemotaxonomic study of an
alkalophilic bacterium, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum gen. nov., sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol
129:2037–2042
Isolation and Cultivation of Alkaliphiles
81