268. Saha P, Rao B (2019) Biotransformation of reactive Orange 16 by alkaliphilic bacterium
Bacillus flexus VITSP6 and toxicity assessment of biotransformed metabolites. Int J Environ
Sci Technol 17:99–114
269. Shobana S, Thangam B (2012) Biodegradation and decolorization of reactive Orange 16 by
Nocardiopsis alba soil isolate. J Bioremed Biodegr 3:6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.
1000155
270. Prasad ASA, Rao KVB (2013) Aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by Bacillus cohnii MTCC
3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different
bioassay systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:7469–7481
271. Lalnunhlimi S, Krishnaswamy V (2016) Decolorization of azo dyes (Direct Blue 151 and
Direct Red 31) by moderately alkaliphilic bacterial consortium. Braz J Microbiol 47:39–46
272. Kovacic P, Somanathan R (2014) Nitroaromatic compounds: environmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, therapy and mechanism. J Appl Toxicol 34:810–824
273. Purohit V, Basu AK (2000) Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds. Chem Res Toxicol
13:673–692
274. Ju KS, Parales RE (2010) Nitroaromatic compounds, from synthesis to biodegradation.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74:250–272
275. Spain JC (1995) Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds. Annu Rev Microbiol
49:523–555
276. Misal S, Humne VI, Lokhande PD, Gawai KR (2015) Biotransformation of nitro aromatic
compounds by flavin-free NADHAzoreductase. J Bioremed Biodegr 6:2
277. Misal SA, Lingojwar DP, Gawai KR (2013) Properties of NAD(P)H azoreductase from
alkaliphilic red bacteria Aquiflexum sp. DL6. Protein J 32:601–608
278. Al-Awadhi H, Sulaiman RH, Mahmoud HM, Radwan SS (2007) Alkaliphilic and halophilic
hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from Kuwaiti coasts of the Arabian gulf. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 77:183–186
279. Mcgenity T, Whitby C, Fahy A (2010) Alkaliphilic hydrocarbon degraders. In: Timmis KN
(ed) Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1931–1937.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_141
280. Sorkhoh NA, Al-Awadhi H, Al-Mailem DM, Kansour M, Khanafer M, Radwan SS (2010)
Agarolytic bacteria with hydrocarbon-utilization potential in fouling material from the Arabian
Gulf coast. Int Biodeter Biodegr 64:554–559
281. Sugimori D, Dake T, Nakamura S (2000) Microbial degradation of disodium terephthalate by
alkaliphilic Dietzia sp. strain GS-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:2709–2711
282. Yumoto I, Yamaga S, Sogabe Y, Nodasaka Y, Matsuyama H, Nakajima K, Suemori A (2003)
Bacillus krulwichiae sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile that utilizes benzoate and
m-hydroxybenzoate. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1531–1536
283. Ahmed A, Othman M, Sarwade VD, Gawai KR (2012) Degradation of anthracene by
alkaliphilic bacteria Bacillus badius. Environ Pollut 1:97–104
284. Habe H, Kanemitsu M, Nomura M, Takemura T, Iwata K, Nojiri H et al (2004) Isolation and
characterization of an alkaliphilic bacterium utilizing pyrene as a carbon source. J Biosci
Bioeng 98:306–308
285. Oie CS, Albaugh CE, Peyton BM (2007) Benzoate and salicylate degradation by Halomonas
campisalis, an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic microorganism. Water Res
41:1235–1242
286. Huertas MJ, Sáez LB, Roldán MD, Luque-Almagro VM, Martínez-Luque M et al (2010)
Alkaline cyanide degradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in a batch
reactor. Influence of pH. J Hazard Mater 179:72–78
287. Luque-Almagro VM, Blasco R, Huertas MJ, Martínez-Luque M, Moreno-Vivian C,
Castillo F, Roldan MD (2005) Alkaline cyanide biodegradation by Pseudomonas
pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. Biochem Soc Trans 33:168–169
50
G. Mamo and B. Mattiasson
Bacillus flexus VITSP6 and toxicity assessment of biotransformed metabolites. Int J Environ
Sci Technol 17:99–114
269. Shobana S, Thangam B (2012) Biodegradation and decolorization of reactive Orange 16 by
Nocardiopsis alba soil isolate. J Bioremed Biodegr 3:6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.
1000155
270. Prasad ASA, Rao KVB (2013) Aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by Bacillus cohnii MTCC
3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different
bioassay systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:7469–7481
271. Lalnunhlimi S, Krishnaswamy V (2016) Decolorization of azo dyes (Direct Blue 151 and
Direct Red 31) by moderately alkaliphilic bacterial consortium. Braz J Microbiol 47:39–46
272. Kovacic P, Somanathan R (2014) Nitroaromatic compounds: environmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, therapy and mechanism. J Appl Toxicol 34:810–824
273. Purohit V, Basu AK (2000) Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds. Chem Res Toxicol
13:673–692
274. Ju KS, Parales RE (2010) Nitroaromatic compounds, from synthesis to biodegradation.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74:250–272
275. Spain JC (1995) Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds. Annu Rev Microbiol
49:523–555
276. Misal S, Humne VI, Lokhande PD, Gawai KR (2015) Biotransformation of nitro aromatic
compounds by flavin-free NADHAzoreductase. J Bioremed Biodegr 6:2
277. Misal SA, Lingojwar DP, Gawai KR (2013) Properties of NAD(P)H azoreductase from
alkaliphilic red bacteria Aquiflexum sp. DL6. Protein J 32:601–608
278. Al-Awadhi H, Sulaiman RH, Mahmoud HM, Radwan SS (2007) Alkaliphilic and halophilic
hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from Kuwaiti coasts of the Arabian gulf. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 77:183–186
279. Mcgenity T, Whitby C, Fahy A (2010) Alkaliphilic hydrocarbon degraders. In: Timmis KN
(ed) Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1931–1937.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_141
280. Sorkhoh NA, Al-Awadhi H, Al-Mailem DM, Kansour M, Khanafer M, Radwan SS (2010)
Agarolytic bacteria with hydrocarbon-utilization potential in fouling material from the Arabian
Gulf coast. Int Biodeter Biodegr 64:554–559
281. Sugimori D, Dake T, Nakamura S (2000) Microbial degradation of disodium terephthalate by
alkaliphilic Dietzia sp. strain GS-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:2709–2711
282. Yumoto I, Yamaga S, Sogabe Y, Nodasaka Y, Matsuyama H, Nakajima K, Suemori A (2003)
Bacillus krulwichiae sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile that utilizes benzoate and
m-hydroxybenzoate. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1531–1536
283. Ahmed A, Othman M, Sarwade VD, Gawai KR (2012) Degradation of anthracene by
alkaliphilic bacteria Bacillus badius. Environ Pollut 1:97–104
284. Habe H, Kanemitsu M, Nomura M, Takemura T, Iwata K, Nojiri H et al (2004) Isolation and
characterization of an alkaliphilic bacterium utilizing pyrene as a carbon source. J Biosci
Bioeng 98:306–308
285. Oie CS, Albaugh CE, Peyton BM (2007) Benzoate and salicylate degradation by Halomonas
campisalis, an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic microorganism. Water Res
41:1235–1242
286. Huertas MJ, Sáez LB, Roldán MD, Luque-Almagro VM, Martínez-Luque M et al (2010)
Alkaline cyanide degradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in a batch
reactor. Influence of pH. J Hazard Mater 179:72–78
287. Luque-Almagro VM, Blasco R, Huertas MJ, Martínez-Luque M, Moreno-Vivian C,
Castillo F, Roldan MD (2005) Alkaline cyanide biodegradation by Pseudomonas
pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. Biochem Soc Trans 33:168–169
50
G. Mamo and B. Mattiasson