formulation. Other notable starch-modifying enzymes from alkaliphiles include
maltooligosaccharide-forming amylases and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases
(CGTases), which produce a variety of maltooligosaccharides and cyclodextrins,
respectively. Such compounds are used in the food, fine chemical, pharmaceutical
and cosmetic industries, among others. Alkaline-active amylases are also applicable
in the paper, textile and leather industries and also in bioremediation and alkaline
waste water treatment. Their application in these fields is further enhanced through
stabilization and improving their specificity and catalytic action by employing
nanotechnology and genetic engineering.
PDB ID 2die*
Graphical Abstract *Alkaline alpha-amylase AmyK from Bacillus sp. KSM-1378. Shirai T,
Igarashi K, Ozawa T, Hagihara H, Kobayashi T, Ozaki K, Ito S (2007) Proteins 66:600–610.
Source: Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)
Keywords Alkaline, Alkaliphiles, CGTase, Cyclodextrins, Detergent, Industry,
Leather, Maltooligosaccharides, Nanotechnology, Paper, Starch, Textile, Waste
water treatment, α-Amylase
Abbreviations
AKD
Alkylketene dimer
ASA
Alkenylsuccinic anhydride
BAA
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase
CDs
Cyclodextrins
CGTases Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases
DDM
Dodecyl-β-d-maltoside
DDMO
Dodecyl-β-d-maltooctaoside
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S. O. Hashim