308
GLOSSARY
Thermochemical conversion: Use of heat to chemically change
substances from one state to another, e.g. to make useful energy
products.
Timberland: Forest land that is producing or is capable of producing crops of industrial wood, and that is not withdrawn from
timber utilization by statute or administrative regulation.
Tipping fee: A fee for disposal of waste.
Ton (short ton): 2,000 pounds.
Tonne (Imperial ton, long ton, shipping ton): 2,240 pounds;
equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or in crude oil terms about
7.5 barrels of oil.
Topping cycle: A cogeneration system in which electric power is
produced first. The reject heat from power production is then
used to produce useful process heat.
Topping and back pressure turbines: Turbines which operate at
exhaust pressure considerably higher than atmospheric (noncondensing turbines); often multistage with relatively high
efficiency.
Transesterification: The chemical process in which an alcohol reacts
with the triglycérides in vegetable oil or animal fats, separating
the glycerin and producing biodiesel.
Traveling grate: A type of furnace in which assembled links of
grates are joined together in a perpetual belt arrangement. Fuel
is fed in at one end and ash is discharged at the other.
Trillion: 1 x 10
12
.
Turbine: A machine for converting the heat energy in steam or high
temperature gas into mechanical energy. In a turbine, a high
velocity flow of steam or gas passes through successive rows of
radial blades fastened to a central shaft.
Turn down ratio: The lowest load at which a boiler will operate
efficiently as compared to the boiler's maximum design load.
U
Ultimate recovery: The cumulative quantity of oil that will be
recovered when revenues from further production no longer
justify the costs of the additional production.
Unconformity: A surface of erosion that separates younger strata
from older rocks.
Upgrading: The conversion of petroleum to value-added salable
products.
GLOSSARY
Thermochemical conversion: Use of heat to chemically change
substances from one state to another, e.g. to make useful energy
products.
Timberland: Forest land that is producing or is capable of producing crops of industrial wood, and that is not withdrawn from
timber utilization by statute or administrative regulation.
Tipping fee: A fee for disposal of waste.
Ton (short ton): 2,000 pounds.
Tonne (Imperial ton, long ton, shipping ton): 2,240 pounds;
equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or in crude oil terms about
7.5 barrels of oil.
Topping cycle: A cogeneration system in which electric power is
produced first. The reject heat from power production is then
used to produce useful process heat.
Topping and back pressure turbines: Turbines which operate at
exhaust pressure considerably higher than atmospheric (noncondensing turbines); often multistage with relatively high
efficiency.
Transesterification: The chemical process in which an alcohol reacts
with the triglycérides in vegetable oil or animal fats, separating
the glycerin and producing biodiesel.
Traveling grate: A type of furnace in which assembled links of
grates are joined together in a perpetual belt arrangement. Fuel
is fed in at one end and ash is discharged at the other.
Trillion: 1 x 10
12
.
Turbine: A machine for converting the heat energy in steam or high
temperature gas into mechanical energy. In a turbine, a high
velocity flow of steam or gas passes through successive rows of
radial blades fastened to a central shaft.
Turn down ratio: The lowest load at which a boiler will operate
efficiently as compared to the boiler's maximum design load.
U
Ultimate recovery: The cumulative quantity of oil that will be
recovered when revenues from further production no longer
justify the costs of the additional production.
Unconformity: A surface of erosion that separates younger strata
from older rocks.
Upgrading: The conversion of petroleum to value-added salable
products.