292 GLOSSARY
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process: A method for recovering
additional oil from a petroleum reservoir beyond that economically recoverable by conventional primary and secondary recovery methods. EOR methods are usually divided into
three main categories: (1) chemical flooding: injection of water
with added chemicals into a petroleum reservoir. The chemical
processes include: surfactant flooding, polymer flooding, and
alkaline flooding, (2) miscible flooding: injection into a petroleum reservoir of a material that is miscible, or can become
miscible, with the oil in the reservoir. Carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen are used, (3) thermal recovery: injection
of steam into a petroleum reservoir, or propagation of a combustion zone through a reservoir by air or oxygen- enriched
air injection. The thermal processes include: steam drive, cyclic
steam injection, and in situ combustion.
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, alcohol, or grain-spirit): A clear, colorless,
flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon; used as a vehicle fuel by
itself (El 00 is 100% ethanol by volume), blended with gasoline
(E85 is 85% ethanol by volume), or as a gasoline octane enhancer
and oxygenate (10% by volume).
Exploratory well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in
an unproved area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously
found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir, or to
extend a known reservoir.
F
FCC: Fluid catalytic cracking.
FCCU: Fluid catalytic cracking unit.
Feedstock: The biomass used in the creation of a particular biofuel
(e.g., corn or sugarcane for ethanol, soybeans or rapeseed for
biodiesel).
Fermentation: Conversion of carbon-containing compounds by
micro-organisms for production of fuels and chemicals such as
alcohols, acids or energy-rich gases.
Fiber products: Products derived from fibers of herbaceous and
woody plant materials; examples include pulp, composition
board products, and wood chips for export.
Fine materials: Wood residues not suitable for chipping, such as
planer shavings and sawdust.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process: A method for recovering
additional oil from a petroleum reservoir beyond that economically recoverable by conventional primary and secondary recovery methods. EOR methods are usually divided into
three main categories: (1) chemical flooding: injection of water
with added chemicals into a petroleum reservoir. The chemical
processes include: surfactant flooding, polymer flooding, and
alkaline flooding, (2) miscible flooding: injection into a petroleum reservoir of a material that is miscible, or can become
miscible, with the oil in the reservoir. Carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen are used, (3) thermal recovery: injection
of steam into a petroleum reservoir, or propagation of a combustion zone through a reservoir by air or oxygen- enriched
air injection. The thermal processes include: steam drive, cyclic
steam injection, and in situ combustion.
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, alcohol, or grain-spirit): A clear, colorless,
flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon; used as a vehicle fuel by
itself (El 00 is 100% ethanol by volume), blended with gasoline
(E85 is 85% ethanol by volume), or as a gasoline octane enhancer
and oxygenate (10% by volume).
Exploratory well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in
an unproved area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously
found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir, or to
extend a known reservoir.
F
FCC: Fluid catalytic cracking.
FCCU: Fluid catalytic cracking unit.
Feedstock: The biomass used in the creation of a particular biofuel
(e.g., corn or sugarcane for ethanol, soybeans or rapeseed for
biodiesel).
Fermentation: Conversion of carbon-containing compounds by
micro-organisms for production of fuels and chemicals such as
alcohols, acids or energy-rich gases.
Fiber products: Products derived from fibers of herbaceous and
woody plant materials; examples include pulp, composition
board products, and wood chips for export.
Fine materials: Wood residues not suitable for chipping, such as
planer shavings and sawdust.