was fully implemented on January 1, 2011. Under the Tier 3 program, gasoline and
any ethanol-gasoline blend is required to have a sulfur level of 10 ppm or less on an
annual average basis beginning January 1, 2017. In addition, refiners and importers
continue to be subject to a refinery gate per-gallon sulfur cap of 80 ppm, and gasoline
downstream of the refinery gate subject to a 95 ppm per-gallon sulfur cap (possibly
subject to further reductions). Many other specifications may apply; for example, the
vapor lock index, the driveability index, the volatility specifications (ASTM D4814),
etc. which should be consulted as appropriate.
Kerosenes
There are three grades of kerosenes which are common in most refineries. These
are:
• Odorless kerosene
• Regular-grade kerosene
• Premium kerosene
Specifications for each of these are given in Table 3.
Aviation Turbine Gasoline (ATG) and Jet Fuels
This product is among the most important item produced in a refinery. Its quality
must conform with stringent requirements particularly for use in commercial
Table 3 Specifications for kerosene products
Odorless kerosene Regular grade
Premium grade Test methods
Specific gravity @ 15 0.820 max
0.820 max
0.820 max
ASTM D 4052
Odor
Merchantable
N/A
N/A
50%
240 max
235 max
N/A
90%
210 min
N/A
N/A
FBP
280 max
N/A
280 max
Residue vol%
N/A
2.0 max
N/A
Flash point °C
75 min (PMCC)
20 min (Abel)
43 min (Abel)
Smoke point mm
N/A
20 min
35 min
IP 57
Sulfur content Wt%
0.01 max
0.2 max
0.04 max
IP 336
Copper 3 hrs 100°C
1 max
1 max
1 max
ASTM D 130
Aromatics vol%
1 max
N/A
N/A
Burning test mg/kg
N/A
N/A
10 max
Appearance @ 15°C
Clear & Bright
Visual
Color Saybolt
+ 20
ASTM D156
Distillation IBP °C
175
ASTM D86
Doctor test
Negative
IP 30
Quality Control of Products in Petroleum Refining
653
any ethanol-gasoline blend is required to have a sulfur level of 10 ppm or less on an
annual average basis beginning January 1, 2017. In addition, refiners and importers
continue to be subject to a refinery gate per-gallon sulfur cap of 80 ppm, and gasoline
downstream of the refinery gate subject to a 95 ppm per-gallon sulfur cap (possibly
subject to further reductions). Many other specifications may apply; for example, the
vapor lock index, the driveability index, the volatility specifications (ASTM D4814),
etc. which should be consulted as appropriate.
Kerosenes
There are three grades of kerosenes which are common in most refineries. These
are:
• Odorless kerosene
• Regular-grade kerosene
• Premium kerosene
Specifications for each of these are given in Table 3.
Aviation Turbine Gasoline (ATG) and Jet Fuels
This product is among the most important item produced in a refinery. Its quality
must conform with stringent requirements particularly for use in commercial
Table 3 Specifications for kerosene products
Odorless kerosene Regular grade
Premium grade Test methods
Specific gravity @ 15 0.820 max
0.820 max
0.820 max
ASTM D 4052
Odor
Merchantable
N/A
N/A
50%
240 max
235 max
N/A
90%
210 min
N/A
N/A
FBP
280 max
N/A
280 max
Residue vol%
N/A
2.0 max
N/A
Flash point °C
75 min (PMCC)
20 min (Abel)
43 min (Abel)
Smoke point mm
N/A
20 min
35 min
IP 57
Sulfur content Wt%
0.01 max
0.2 max
0.04 max
IP 336
Copper 3 hrs 100°C
1 max
1 max
1 max
ASTM D 130
Aromatics vol%
1 max
N/A
N/A
Burning test mg/kg
N/A
N/A
10 max
Appearance @ 15°C
Clear & Bright
Visual
Color Saybolt
+ 20
ASTM D156
Distillation IBP °C
175
ASTM D86
Doctor test
Negative
IP 30
Quality Control of Products in Petroleum Refining
653