L
380
Index
Large Space Telescope (LST).
See Hubble Space
Telescope
Larger-the-better (LTB), 295,
335, 336
output response, 295, 340
quality loss function, 297, 299
target value, 300
Lifecycle, 39, 114, 234–235, 361
inception, 235
needs, 233
sense, 246–247
success, 235–236, 240, 361
Lifecycle measures, 240
cost, 244–245
error in measurement, 241
time, 244
unencumbered measures, 243
as variables, 242
Lifecycle metrics, 245
complexity, 246
money, 245–246
performance, 246
Lifecycle stages, 236, 239–240
conceptualization, 236–237, 239
design and architecting,
237–238
development, 238
disposal, 239
financing, 237
investigation, 240
manufacturing, 238
operations, 239
purchasing, 238
system integration, 238
Lifetime, 361
Like-kind problems, 250–251
Limitations, 56, 62, 66–67, 361
environmental, 123
of integration plan, 308
for object, 94
principle of, 15–19
to test system, 225
Logic, 361–362
Loose coupling, 17
Loss, 143, 362
LTB. See Larger-the-better (LTB)
M
Management, 362
Mapping, 362
Material wealth, 51–52, 60, 362
Mathematics, 140n
Matter, 51, 145n, 362. See also
Material wealth
Measurement, 241, 362–363
Measures, 362
Mechanisms, 47, 363
Mereology, 363
Metastability, 111, 112, 363
Method, 363
Metrics, 57–60, 242, 363
Milestone, 240, 363
Modal causality, 75–76, 82, 363
establishing event lineage, 79
limitation on budgets and
schedules, 81
Model, 363–364
classification of integration,
162–164, 364
and representation domain, 92–93
Money, 245–246
N
NASA. See National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
(NASA)
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA),
202–203
National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), 171
Nature, 364
Need, 52n, 233, 364
characterization, 259
in integration systems model, 114
Nested problems, 248–249, 252
NIST. See National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST)
Nominal-the-best (NTB), 295, 339, 341
buyer–seller dynamics, 298, 299
output response, 295
quality loss function, 297
Not a system (NotaSystem), 111, 189, 364
factors for systemness, 199–200