12
Engineering Systems Integration
by common procedures and tools. The subject of objects has been a topic of
great concern with contributions from before Plato to Einstein (Einstein
1950), Gödel (Gödel 1951 [1995]), and after (Korman 2011). For this presenta
tion, objects can be either physical or intellectual. All that is not physical is
i ntellectual. A person is a physical object, but the thoughts of a person are
intellectual objects. The paper on which numbers can be written is a physical
object, but the idea or concept of numbers is intellectual. Physical objects
always appear to have a location in space (Everett III 1957) and are only mea
surable in that position space (Lyre 1995), whereas intellectual objects exist
mentally. Physical objects can move or be moved from one location to another,
whereas intellectual objects move only when represented as physical prop
erty. Software listings (in some readable form) are intellectual property that
is represented in physical media. And, physical property can be represented
as intellectual property. The digital media which contains an algorithm is
the physical expression of the algorithm before it is placed into operation
within the executable environment of a computer microprocessor. Physical
objects are made up of component objects that may be themselves divisible.
A unit of material wealth may be physical in its representation as money
made of paper or coin and the intellectual aspect is what decisions can be
made after spending the money on a physical object (i.e., product or service).
A whole can be represented as an object, either physical or intellectual.
Changing the physical location of a physical object may concomitantly
change the location of its parts. If the physical object is connected, tightly
coupled, and with high cohesion, then the constituent parts change location
as a whole. In this regard, consider as one the physical constituent objects of
the solar system as being comprised of Sun, planets and their moons, comets,
asteroids, and space dust. A gravitational disturbance of the trajectory of the
Sun and the orbiting bodies around it caused by a passing star might break
the connection between the Sun and its orbiting bodies by reducing the cou
pling and cohesion of some or all of the physical objects orbiting the Sun.
Similarly, intellectual property (as an object) may have constituent parts that
are separable by EMMI.
Physical and intellectual objects comprise products and services. Physical
and intellectual objects facilitate inputs and outputs of EMMI. As such, inte
gration is accomplished by the EMMI that is received by an object.
In spite of the quite dissimilar needs of the key stakeholders (e.g., business
enterprise, project, customer, user, and funding sources), general agreement
is reached through a negotiated contract. Alignment of strategies of key
stakeholders with the goals of the project and the delivery of the agreed
product o r s ervice i s p aramount for s uccess.* I ntegration of t he various stake
holder strategies into an integration plan (as well as into the project plan and
the systems engineering plan) for objects follows from this alignment.
* Success is defined as delivering the functional requirements and the performance require
ments, within the budget and time constraints.
Engineering Systems Integration
by common procedures and tools. The subject of objects has been a topic of
great concern with contributions from before Plato to Einstein (Einstein
1950), Gödel (Gödel 1951 [1995]), and after (Korman 2011). For this presenta
tion, objects can be either physical or intellectual. All that is not physical is
i ntellectual. A person is a physical object, but the thoughts of a person are
intellectual objects. The paper on which numbers can be written is a physical
object, but the idea or concept of numbers is intellectual. Physical objects
always appear to have a location in space (Everett III 1957) and are only mea
surable in that position space (Lyre 1995), whereas intellectual objects exist
mentally. Physical objects can move or be moved from one location to another,
whereas intellectual objects move only when represented as physical prop
erty. Software listings (in some readable form) are intellectual property that
is represented in physical media. And, physical property can be represented
as intellectual property. The digital media which contains an algorithm is
the physical expression of the algorithm before it is placed into operation
within the executable environment of a computer microprocessor. Physical
objects are made up of component objects that may be themselves divisible.
A unit of material wealth may be physical in its representation as money
made of paper or coin and the intellectual aspect is what decisions can be
made after spending the money on a physical object (i.e., product or service).
A whole can be represented as an object, either physical or intellectual.
Changing the physical location of a physical object may concomitantly
change the location of its parts. If the physical object is connected, tightly
coupled, and with high cohesion, then the constituent parts change location
as a whole. In this regard, consider as one the physical constituent objects of
the solar system as being comprised of Sun, planets and their moons, comets,
asteroids, and space dust. A gravitational disturbance of the trajectory of the
Sun and the orbiting bodies around it caused by a passing star might break
the connection between the Sun and its orbiting bodies by reducing the cou
pling and cohesion of some or all of the physical objects orbiting the Sun.
Similarly, intellectual property (as an object) may have constituent parts that
are separable by EMMI.
Physical and intellectual objects comprise products and services. Physical
and intellectual objects facilitate inputs and outputs of EMMI. As such, inte
gration is accomplished by the EMMI that is received by an object.
In spite of the quite dissimilar needs of the key stakeholders (e.g., business
enterprise, project, customer, user, and funding sources), general agreement
is reached through a negotiated contract. Alignment of strategies of key
stakeholders with the goals of the project and the delivery of the agreed
product o r s ervice i s p aramount for s uccess.* I ntegration of t he various stake
holder strategies into an integration plan (as well as into the project plan and
the systems engineering plan) for objects follows from this alignment.
* Success is defined as delivering the functional requirements and the performance require
ments, within the budget and time constraints.