132
Engineering Systems Integration
may vary with time, additional investments made during the system lifecycle to maintain performance are an acceptable way to determine the lifecycle costs for a given function. The aggregation of all performances that are
ascribed to a function must be included in the determination of value for that
function, or the recognition that there may be one performance of a function
that is either more appropriate to the use of that function, or significantly
more important in some aspect over that of the other performances. The system value, V(t), is given by
P t
( )
V t
( ) ∑ F t
( ) =
∗ γ
∑ I t
( )
F t
( )
where F(t) is a function or nonlinear summation of subfunctions that are
enacted by the product or service, P(t) is the performance measure (units of
EMMI appropriate to the use of the function(s) F(t)), I(t) is the investment*
(e.g., dollars or other equivalent convenience of assets that are required to
achieve performance P(t), the time, t, measured relative to the onset of initial
investment in the project (or a period, or portion of a lifecycle, or over the
lifecycle), and γ is the normalization factor (dimensionless). The summation
is simplified for the purpose of this discussion, and generally aggregated
over all subfunctions, subperformances, and subinvestments.
The change in performance of a system object due to an interaction of
EMMI from another object is equal to the work done. Performance can also
be described with reference to the cost/(unit time), as well as to the total time
over which the performance occurs. Incorporating and factoring the variable
of time express the value equation in terms of the measure of performance per
rate of investment.
P t
( )
1
V t
( ) ∑ F t
( ) =
∗ ∗ γ
∑ I t
( ) / t t
F t
( )
By including time explicitly, the value of a function can be measured in
terms of performance per investment rate (e.g., labor rate) times the normalization factor γ divided by t.
Value is variously described beginning with the ancient Greek Protagoras †
(an early humanist, a champion of pragmatism, and a master Sophist) continuing subjectively in sociological contexts as illustrated by expressive cognition (Kuwabara 2011), as encompassed by classical sociological theory and
behavioral models (Zafirovski 2005) in game theory as an alternative to
* In this case, material wealth; in general, energy, matter, material wealth, or information
(EMMI).
† Protagoras, 485–421 BC … things are to you such as they appear to you and to me such as
they appear to me …
Engineering Systems Integration
may vary with time, additional investments made during the system lifecycle to maintain performance are an acceptable way to determine the lifecycle costs for a given function. The aggregation of all performances that are
ascribed to a function must be included in the determination of value for that
function, or the recognition that there may be one performance of a function
that is either more appropriate to the use of that function, or significantly
more important in some aspect over that of the other performances. The system value, V(t), is given by
P t
( )
V t
( ) ∑ F t
( ) =
∗ γ
∑ I t
( )
F t
( )
where F(t) is a function or nonlinear summation of subfunctions that are
enacted by the product or service, P(t) is the performance measure (units of
EMMI appropriate to the use of the function(s) F(t)), I(t) is the investment*
(e.g., dollars or other equivalent convenience of assets that are required to
achieve performance P(t), the time, t, measured relative to the onset of initial
investment in the project (or a period, or portion of a lifecycle, or over the
lifecycle), and γ is the normalization factor (dimensionless). The summation
is simplified for the purpose of this discussion, and generally aggregated
over all subfunctions, subperformances, and subinvestments.
The change in performance of a system object due to an interaction of
EMMI from another object is equal to the work done. Performance can also
be described with reference to the cost/(unit time), as well as to the total time
over which the performance occurs. Incorporating and factoring the variable
of time express the value equation in terms of the measure of performance per
rate of investment.
P t
( )
1
V t
( ) ∑ F t
( ) =
∗ ∗ γ
∑ I t
( ) / t t
F t
( )
By including time explicitly, the value of a function can be measured in
terms of performance per investment rate (e.g., labor rate) times the normalization factor γ divided by t.
Value is variously described beginning with the ancient Greek Protagoras †
(an early humanist, a champion of pragmatism, and a master Sophist) continuing subjectively in sociological contexts as illustrated by expressive cognition (Kuwabara 2011), as encompassed by classical sociological theory and
behavioral models (Zafirovski 2005) in game theory as an alternative to
* In this case, material wealth; in general, energy, matter, material wealth, or information
(EMMI).
† Protagoras, 485–421 BC … things are to you such as they appear to you and to me such as
they appear to me …