4 Polymer Architecture Using CGCP Through the Substituent Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.1 Block Copolymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.2 Star Polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 214
4.3 Graft Copolymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
4.4 Helical Polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5 Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5.1 Kumada–Tamao Coupling Polymerization for the Synthesis of P3HT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5.2 Generality of Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
6 Polymer Architecture Using Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . 228
6.1 Block Copolymers of Polythiophene and Other Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
6.2 Block Polythiophenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
6.3 Graft Copolymers of Polythiophene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Abbreviations
acac
Acetylacetonate
AIBN
2,2’-Azobis(isobutyronitrile)
ATRC
Atom transfer radical coupling
ATRP
Atom transfer radical polymerization
Boc
tert-Butoxycarbonyl
CGCP
Chain-growth condensation polymerization
cod
1,5-Cyclooctadiene
DBU
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
DFT
Density functional theory
DMSO
Dimethyl sulfoxide
dppb
1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane
dppe
1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane
dppf
1,1
0 -Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
dppp
1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
DSC
Differential scanning calorimetry
GPC
Gel-permeation chromatography
HBPA
Hyperbranched polyamide
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography
HT
Head-to-tail
I effect
Inductive effect
LCST
Lower critical solution temperature
LiHMDS
Lithium 1,1,1,3.3.3-hexamethyldisilazide
MALDI-TOF Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight
MALLS
Multi-angle laser light scattering
MBAA
N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide
MM
Macromonomer
NMP
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization
OOB
4-Octyloxybezyl
P3HT
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
192
Y. Ohta and T. Yokozawa