16. Pasut G, Veronese FM (2009) PEG conjugates in clinical development or use as anticancer
agents: an overview. Adv Drug Del Rev 61:1177–1188
17. Lasic DD, Needham D (1995) The "stealth" liposome: a prototypical biomaterial. Chem Rev
95:2601–2628
18. Greenwald RB (2001) PEG drugs: an overview. J Control Release 74:159–171
19. Abuchowski A, van Es T, Palczuk NC, Davis FF (1977) Alteration of immunological
properties of bovine serum albumin by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol. J Biol
Chem 252:3578–3581
20. Abuchowski A, McCoy JR, Palczuk NC, van Es T, Davis FF (1977) Effect of covalent
attachment of polyethylene glycol on immunogenicity and circulating life of bovine liver
catalase. J Biol Chem 252:3582–3586
21. Alconcel SNS, Baas AS, Maynard HD (2011) FDA-approved poly(ethylene glycol)-protein
conjugate drugs. Polym Chem 2:1442–1448
22. Immordino ML, Dosio F, Cattel L (2006) Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science,
rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential. Int J Nanomed 1:297–315
23. Ringsdorf H (1975) Structure and properties of pharmacologically active polymers. J Polym
Sci Polym Symp 51:135–153
24. Matsumura Y, Maeda H (1986) A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer
chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent
smancs. Cancer Res 46:6387–6392
25. Seymour LW (1992) Passive tumour-targeting of soluble macromolecules and drug
conjugates. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 9:135–342
26. Duncan R (2003) The dawning era of polymer therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:347–360
27. Knischka R, Lutz PJ, Sunder A, Mu ¨lhaupt R, Frey H (2000) Functional poly(ethylene oxide)
multiarm star polymers: core-first synthesis using hyperbranched polyglycerol initiators.
Macromolecules 33:315–320
28. Taton D, Saule M, Logan J, Duran R, Hou S, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2003) Polymerization
of ethylene oxide with a calixarene-based precursor: synthesis of eight-arm poly(ethylene
oxide) stars by the core-first methodology. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 41:1669–1676
29. Zhao H, Rubio B, Sapra P, Wu D, Reddy P, Sai P, Martinez A, Gao Y, Lozanguiez Y,
Longley C, Greenberger LM, Horak ID (2008) Novel prodrugs of SN38 using multiarm poly
(ethylene glycol) linkers. Bioconjugate Chem 19:849–859
30. Hawker CJ, Chu F, Pomery PJ, Hill DJT (1996) Hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)s: a new
class of ion-conducting materials. Macromolecules 29:3831–3838
31. Berna M, Dalzoppo D, Pasut G, Manunta M, Izzo L, Jones AT, Duncan R, Veronese FM
(2006) Novel monodisperse PEG-dendrons as new tools for targeted drug delivery: synthesis,
characterization and cellular uptake. Biomacromolecules 7:146–153
32. Feng X-S, Taton D, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2005) Toward an easy access to dendrimer-like
poly(ethylene oxide)s. J Am Chem Soc 127:10956–10966
33. Feng X, Taton D, Borsali R, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2006) pH responsiveness of dendrimerlike poly(ethylene oxide)s. J Am Chem Soc 128:11551–11562
34. Feng X, Taton D, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2007) Bouquet-type dendrimerlike poly(ethylene
oxide)s with a focal aldehyde and peripheral hydroxyls. Biomacromolecules 8:2374–2378
35. Wilms D, Scho ¨mer M, Wurm F, Hermanns MI, Kirkpatrick CJ, Frey H (2010)
Hyperbranched PEG by random copolymerization of ethylene oxide and glycidol. Macromol
Rapid Commun 31:1811–1815
36. Choe YH, Conover CD, Wu D, Royzen M, Gervacio Y, Borowski V, Mehlig M, Greenwald
RB (2002) Anticancer drug delivery systems: multi-loaded N4-acyl poly(ethylene glycol)
prodrugs of ara-C.: II. Efficacy in ascites and solid tumors. J Contr Release 79:55–70
37. Pasut G, Scaramuzza S, Schiavon O, Mendichi R, Veronese FM (2005) PEG-epirubicin
conjugates with high drug loading. J Bioact Compat Polym 20:213–230
38. Obermeier B, Wurm F, Mangold C, Frey H (2011) Multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)s.
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7988–7997
184
C. Dingels and H. Frey
agents: an overview. Adv Drug Del Rev 61:1177–1188
17. Lasic DD, Needham D (1995) The "stealth" liposome: a prototypical biomaterial. Chem Rev
95:2601–2628
18. Greenwald RB (2001) PEG drugs: an overview. J Control Release 74:159–171
19. Abuchowski A, van Es T, Palczuk NC, Davis FF (1977) Alteration of immunological
properties of bovine serum albumin by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol. J Biol
Chem 252:3578–3581
20. Abuchowski A, McCoy JR, Palczuk NC, van Es T, Davis FF (1977) Effect of covalent
attachment of polyethylene glycol on immunogenicity and circulating life of bovine liver
catalase. J Biol Chem 252:3582–3586
21. Alconcel SNS, Baas AS, Maynard HD (2011) FDA-approved poly(ethylene glycol)-protein
conjugate drugs. Polym Chem 2:1442–1448
22. Immordino ML, Dosio F, Cattel L (2006) Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science,
rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential. Int J Nanomed 1:297–315
23. Ringsdorf H (1975) Structure and properties of pharmacologically active polymers. J Polym
Sci Polym Symp 51:135–153
24. Matsumura Y, Maeda H (1986) A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer
chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent
smancs. Cancer Res 46:6387–6392
25. Seymour LW (1992) Passive tumour-targeting of soluble macromolecules and drug
conjugates. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 9:135–342
26. Duncan R (2003) The dawning era of polymer therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:347–360
27. Knischka R, Lutz PJ, Sunder A, Mu ¨lhaupt R, Frey H (2000) Functional poly(ethylene oxide)
multiarm star polymers: core-first synthesis using hyperbranched polyglycerol initiators.
Macromolecules 33:315–320
28. Taton D, Saule M, Logan J, Duran R, Hou S, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2003) Polymerization
of ethylene oxide with a calixarene-based precursor: synthesis of eight-arm poly(ethylene
oxide) stars by the core-first methodology. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 41:1669–1676
29. Zhao H, Rubio B, Sapra P, Wu D, Reddy P, Sai P, Martinez A, Gao Y, Lozanguiez Y,
Longley C, Greenberger LM, Horak ID (2008) Novel prodrugs of SN38 using multiarm poly
(ethylene glycol) linkers. Bioconjugate Chem 19:849–859
30. Hawker CJ, Chu F, Pomery PJ, Hill DJT (1996) Hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)s: a new
class of ion-conducting materials. Macromolecules 29:3831–3838
31. Berna M, Dalzoppo D, Pasut G, Manunta M, Izzo L, Jones AT, Duncan R, Veronese FM
(2006) Novel monodisperse PEG-dendrons as new tools for targeted drug delivery: synthesis,
characterization and cellular uptake. Biomacromolecules 7:146–153
32. Feng X-S, Taton D, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2005) Toward an easy access to dendrimer-like
poly(ethylene oxide)s. J Am Chem Soc 127:10956–10966
33. Feng X, Taton D, Borsali R, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2006) pH responsiveness of dendrimerlike poly(ethylene oxide)s. J Am Chem Soc 128:11551–11562
34. Feng X, Taton D, Chaikof EL, Gnanou Y (2007) Bouquet-type dendrimerlike poly(ethylene
oxide)s with a focal aldehyde and peripheral hydroxyls. Biomacromolecules 8:2374–2378
35. Wilms D, Scho ¨mer M, Wurm F, Hermanns MI, Kirkpatrick CJ, Frey H (2010)
Hyperbranched PEG by random copolymerization of ethylene oxide and glycidol. Macromol
Rapid Commun 31:1811–1815
36. Choe YH, Conover CD, Wu D, Royzen M, Gervacio Y, Borowski V, Mehlig M, Greenwald
RB (2002) Anticancer drug delivery systems: multi-loaded N4-acyl poly(ethylene glycol)
prodrugs of ara-C.: II. Efficacy in ascites and solid tumors. J Contr Release 79:55–70
37. Pasut G, Scaramuzza S, Schiavon O, Mendichi R, Veronese FM (2005) PEG-epirubicin
conjugates with high drug loading. J Bioact Compat Polym 20:213–230
38. Obermeier B, Wurm F, Mangold C, Frey H (2011) Multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)s.
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7988–7997
184
C. Dingels and H. Frey