256
The Stratigraphic Architecture of Fluvial Depositional Systems
f------- -------- ,.-,;- ;,;o,-:- - -!0" feet or meters•• -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -1
��0 0
A
i'o!- :
50 "
B
D
• Rough Estirnale
EXPLANATION
E
c:J Mo
.?..�.� Mu� elom, pobblos, poi�IO, oF\d drop••
. ......... �bbl�$
,.,...,SoH ...,dimenl d�hxmo!"'n slructoro
•• ••l'yflle
�Mt
ioo
OD S
<> <> Oxidi:�d �on O
�.l.l\' 1'1 001 trom
Fig. 9.5. Schematic facies architecture of the Gueydan
fluvial system, Texas, illustr.ating the lateral relationships
and scales of the various channel and overbank elements.
Measured sections illustrate A distal crevasse�splay,
RIBBON SANDSTONE
wrr <15
-w' ""8iiJEi i9
A
Wing
Laterally stable flow
SHEET SANDSTONES
Wff>15
B
c
Multistory/Mu!ti!ateral
D
Poorly channelized flow
E � �-==--=--==-=��
Unconfined flow
AMALGAMATED COMPLEX
F�
Fig. 9.6. The range of sand-body geometries in the Huesca
fluvial system (Oligocene�Miocene), Ebro Basin, Spain.
''Wings" are levee deposits. (Hirst 1991)
B proximal, mudstone-filled crevasse channel, C mixed-fill
crevasse channel, D sand-silt-ftlled channel, E main fluvial
channel fi ll. (Galloway 1981)
also affect soil character, and so it is necessary tp
examine and interpret paleosols within an overall
basin context. Marriott and Wright (1993) provided
an example of such a study with their work on the
well-known Old Red Sandstone (Devonian) paleosols of South Wales. They showed how variations in
sedimentation rate, erosional episodes, and overall
changes in the style of floodplain development could
be deduced from the details of paleosol profiles.
Progressive burial of a soil profile without disruption of pedogenesis produces a cumulate paleosol,
short-lived interruptions of pedogenesis may lead to
overlapping soils, termed composite paleosols, and
so on. Spectacular outcrops of channel and overbank architecture in Miocene deposits in Pakistan
enabled Willis and Behre11smeyer (1994) to offer a
more thorough discussion of the possible styles of
meander-belt development. These deposits, together with a description of the nature of avulsive
processes and their control on meander-belt architecture, are discussed in Sect. 10.3.1.
Conglomeratic alluvial fan deposits commonly
display coarsening- or fining-upward successions
The Stratigraphic Architecture of Fluvial Depositional Systems
f------- -------- ,.-,;- ;,;o,-:- - -!0" feet or meters•• -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -1
��0 0
A
i'o!- :
50 "
B
D
• Rough Estirnale
EXPLANATION
E
c:J Mo
.?..�.� Mu� elom, pobblos, poi�IO, oF\d drop••
. ......... �bbl�$
,.,...,SoH ...,dimenl d�hxmo!"'n slructoro
•• ••l'yflle
�Mt
ioo
OD S
<> <> Oxidi:�d �on O
�.l.l\' 1'1 001 trom
Fig. 9.5. Schematic facies architecture of the Gueydan
fluvial system, Texas, illustr.ating the lateral relationships
and scales of the various channel and overbank elements.
Measured sections illustrate A distal crevasse�splay,
RIBBON SANDSTONE
wrr <15
-w' ""8iiJEi i9
A
Wing
Laterally stable flow
SHEET SANDSTONES
Wff>15
B
c
Multistory/Mu!ti!ateral
D
Poorly channelized flow
E � �-==--=--==-=��
Unconfined flow
AMALGAMATED COMPLEX
F�
Fig. 9.6. The range of sand-body geometries in the Huesca
fluvial system (Oligocene�Miocene), Ebro Basin, Spain.
''Wings" are levee deposits. (Hirst 1991)
B proximal, mudstone-filled crevasse channel, C mixed-fill
crevasse channel, D sand-silt-ftlled channel, E main fluvial
channel fi ll. (Galloway 1981)
also affect soil character, and so it is necessary tp
examine and interpret paleosols within an overall
basin context. Marriott and Wright (1993) provided
an example of such a study with their work on the
well-known Old Red Sandstone (Devonian) paleosols of South Wales. They showed how variations in
sedimentation rate, erosional episodes, and overall
changes in the style of floodplain development could
be deduced from the details of paleosol profiles.
Progressive burial of a soil profile without disruption of pedogenesis produces a cumulate paleosol,
short-lived interruptions of pedogenesis may lead to
overlapping soils, termed composite paleosols, and
so on. Spectacular outcrops of channel and overbank architecture in Miocene deposits in Pakistan
enabled Willis and Behre11smeyer (1994) to offer a
more thorough discussion of the possible styles of
meander-belt development. These deposits, together with a description of the nature of avulsive
processes and their control on meander-belt architecture, are discussed in Sect. 10.3.1.
Conglomeratic alluvial fan deposits commonly
display coarsening- or fining-upward successions