Editors
Alafara Abdullahi Baba
University of Ilorin
Ilorin, Nigeria
Donna P. Guillen
Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho Falls, ID, USA
Hong Peng
University of Queensland
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Lei Zhang
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK, USA
Neale R. Neelameggham
IND LLC
South Jordan, UT, USA
Yulin Zhong
Griffith University
Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
ISSN 2367-1181
ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic)
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
ISBN 978-3-030-65256-2
ISBN 978-3-030-65257-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65257-9
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and
transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar
or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Alafara Abdullahi Baba
University of Ilorin
Ilorin, Nigeria
Donna P. Guillen
Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho Falls, ID, USA
Hong Peng
University of Queensland
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Lei Zhang
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK, USA
Neale R. Neelameggham
IND LLC
South Jordan, UT, USA
Yulin Zhong
Griffith University
Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
ISSN 2367-1181
ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic)
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
ISBN 978-3-030-65256-2
ISBN 978-3-030-65257-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65257-9
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and
transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar
or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland