Characteristic Studies of Critical Rare Earths Scandium …
21
2. IEA (2018) Coal information 2018. Int Energy Agency. https://doi.org/10.1787/coal-2018-en
3. He Y, Luo Q, Hu H (2012) Situation analysis and countermeasures of China’s fly ash pollution
prevention and control. Procedia Environ Sci 16:690–696
4. Kaufman R (2011) Seeking a safer future for electricity’s coal ash waste [WWW Document].
Natl Geogr NEWS. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/08/110815-saferways-to-reycle-fly-ash-from-coal/. Accessed 12 November 2019
5. Li R, Wu H, DIng J, Fu W, Gan L, Li Y (2017) Mercury pollution in vegetables, grains and
soils from areas surrounding coal-fired power plants. Sci Rep 7:1–9
6. Pandey VC, Singh JS, Singh RP, Singh N, Yunus M (2011) Arsenic hazards in coal fly ash and
its fate in Indian scenario. Resour Conserv Recycl 55:819–835
7. Zhang G, Zhang L, Fan H, Hu E (2017) Concentration, enrichment, and partitioning behavior of
heavy metals in ash from a down-fired furnace burning anthracite coal. Energy Fuels 31:9381–
9392
8. Sierra Club (2019) Coal waste in America [WWW Document]. Beyond coal. https://content.
sierraclub.org/coal/disposal-ash-waste. Accessed 11 May 2019
9. Turrentine J (2019) Coal ash is hazardous. Coal ash is waste. But according to the EPA, coal ash
is not “hazardous waste.”| NRDC [WWW Document]. https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/coal-ashhazardous-coal-ash-waste-according-epa-coal-ash-not-hazardous-waste. Accessed 11 May 19
10. Weissman G, Rumpler J (2018) Accidents waiting to happen: coal ash ponds put our waterways
at risk
11. Singh N, Mithulraj M, Arya S (2018) Influence of coal bottom ash as fine aggregates
replacement on various properties of concretes: a review. Resour Conserv Recycl 138:257–271
12. Surabhi (2017) Fly ash in India: generation vis-à-vis utilization and global perspective. Int J
Appl Chem
13. Wang Z, Dai S, Zou J, French D, Graham IT (2019) Rare earth elements and yttrium in coal
ash from the Luzhou power plant in Sichuan, Southwest China: concentration, characterization
and optimized extraction. Int J Coal Geol 203:1–14
14. Peterson R, Heinrichs M, Taha R, Winecki S, Argumedo D (2017) Recovery of rare earth
elements from coal ash with a recycling acid leach process. In: 34th annual international
Pittsburgh coal conference: coal-energy, environment and sustainable development. PCC 2017
(2017)
15. Cao S, Zhou C, Pan J, Liu C, Tang M, Ji W, Hu T, Zhang N (2018) Study on influence factors
of leaching of rare earth elements from coal fly ash. Energy Fuels 32:8000–8005
16. Tuan LQ, Thenepalli T, Chilakala R, Vu H, Ahn J, Kim J (2019) Leaching characteristics
of low concentration rare earth elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC bottom ash samples.
Sustainability 11:2562
17. Seredin VV, Dai S (2012) Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and
yttrium. Int J Coal Geol 94(1):67–93
18. Kolker A, Scott C, Hower JC, Vazquez JA, Lopano CL, Dai S (2017) Distribution of rare earth
elements in coal combustion fly ash, determined by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe. Int J Coal
Geol 184:1–10
19. Reid S, Tam J, Yang M, Azimi G (2017) Technospheric mining of rare earth elements
from bauxite residue (red mud): process optimization, kinetic investigation, and microwave
pretreatment. Sci Rep 7:1–9
20. Kumari A, Parween R, Chakravarty S, Parmar K, Pathak DD, Lee JC, Jha MK (2019) Novel
approach to recover rare earth metals (REMs) from Indian coal bottom ash. Hydrometallurgy
187:1–7
21
2. IEA (2018) Coal information 2018. Int Energy Agency. https://doi.org/10.1787/coal-2018-en
3. He Y, Luo Q, Hu H (2012) Situation analysis and countermeasures of China’s fly ash pollution
prevention and control. Procedia Environ Sci 16:690–696
4. Kaufman R (2011) Seeking a safer future for electricity’s coal ash waste [WWW Document].
Natl Geogr NEWS. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/08/110815-saferways-to-reycle-fly-ash-from-coal/. Accessed 12 November 2019
5. Li R, Wu H, DIng J, Fu W, Gan L, Li Y (2017) Mercury pollution in vegetables, grains and
soils from areas surrounding coal-fired power plants. Sci Rep 7:1–9
6. Pandey VC, Singh JS, Singh RP, Singh N, Yunus M (2011) Arsenic hazards in coal fly ash and
its fate in Indian scenario. Resour Conserv Recycl 55:819–835
7. Zhang G, Zhang L, Fan H, Hu E (2017) Concentration, enrichment, and partitioning behavior of
heavy metals in ash from a down-fired furnace burning anthracite coal. Energy Fuels 31:9381–
9392
8. Sierra Club (2019) Coal waste in America [WWW Document]. Beyond coal. https://content.
sierraclub.org/coal/disposal-ash-waste. Accessed 11 May 2019
9. Turrentine J (2019) Coal ash is hazardous. Coal ash is waste. But according to the EPA, coal ash
is not “hazardous waste.”| NRDC [WWW Document]. https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/coal-ashhazardous-coal-ash-waste-according-epa-coal-ash-not-hazardous-waste. Accessed 11 May 19
10. Weissman G, Rumpler J (2018) Accidents waiting to happen: coal ash ponds put our waterways
at risk
11. Singh N, Mithulraj M, Arya S (2018) Influence of coal bottom ash as fine aggregates
replacement on various properties of concretes: a review. Resour Conserv Recycl 138:257–271
12. Surabhi (2017) Fly ash in India: generation vis-à-vis utilization and global perspective. Int J
Appl Chem
13. Wang Z, Dai S, Zou J, French D, Graham IT (2019) Rare earth elements and yttrium in coal
ash from the Luzhou power plant in Sichuan, Southwest China: concentration, characterization
and optimized extraction. Int J Coal Geol 203:1–14
14. Peterson R, Heinrichs M, Taha R, Winecki S, Argumedo D (2017) Recovery of rare earth
elements from coal ash with a recycling acid leach process. In: 34th annual international
Pittsburgh coal conference: coal-energy, environment and sustainable development. PCC 2017
(2017)
15. Cao S, Zhou C, Pan J, Liu C, Tang M, Ji W, Hu T, Zhang N (2018) Study on influence factors
of leaching of rare earth elements from coal fly ash. Energy Fuels 32:8000–8005
16. Tuan LQ, Thenepalli T, Chilakala R, Vu H, Ahn J, Kim J (2019) Leaching characteristics
of low concentration rare earth elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC bottom ash samples.
Sustainability 11:2562
17. Seredin VV, Dai S (2012) Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and
yttrium. Int J Coal Geol 94(1):67–93
18. Kolker A, Scott C, Hower JC, Vazquez JA, Lopano CL, Dai S (2017) Distribution of rare earth
elements in coal combustion fly ash, determined by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe. Int J Coal
Geol 184:1–10
19. Reid S, Tam J, Yang M, Azimi G (2017) Technospheric mining of rare earth elements
from bauxite residue (red mud): process optimization, kinetic investigation, and microwave
pretreatment. Sci Rep 7:1–9
20. Kumari A, Parween R, Chakravarty S, Parmar K, Pathak DD, Lee JC, Jha MK (2019) Novel
approach to recover rare earth metals (REMs) from Indian coal bottom ash. Hydrometallurgy
187:1–7