6
J. Zhao et al.
Characterization of Material
The morphology and surface element distribution of the materials were characterized
by using a scanning electron microscope from the ZEISS Auriga SEM/FIB Crossbeam System, German. The crystal phase and structure of the catalyst were measured
by the Empyrean X-ray diffractometer from PANalytical, Netherlands. The test tube
current and voltage are 40 mA and 45 kV, respectively. The Cu Kα target ray has a
2θ angle ranging from 5° to 90°.
Electrochemical Measurement of Material
The electrochemical performance was measured with a three-electrode system by
using an electrochemical workstation (Autolab PGSTAT302N, Netherlands). The
working electrode was 1 * 1 cm
2 Amino-HNC, the counter and reference electrodes were carbon rod and saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and the electrolyte
was 0.5 mol L
−1 H 2 SO 4 . Nitrogen flow was fed into the electrolytic cell during
the electrochemical test process to eliminate the interference of dissolved oxygen.
Use a thermostatic water bath to adjust the system temperature. Magnetic agitation
(~300 rpm) is used to eliminate bubble effects during testing.
Zinc Electrowinning Experiment
The zinc electrowinning simulation experiment used a two-electrode system in a selfmade electrolytic cell. The zinc electrowinning device diagram was shown in Fig. 1.
The anode and cathode are as-prepared Amino-HNC with a working area of 2 * 2
cm
2 and high purity aluminum plate with a working area of 2 * 4 cm
2 , respectively.
The electrolyte of the electrowinning experiment contained 50 g/L Zn
2+ and 150 g/L
H 2 SO 4 . The working current density was 50 mA cm
−2 , and the constant current
density was used for electrowinning for 1 h. The chronopotentiometry method was
used to record the voltage change during electrowinning, weigh the mass of the
aluminum plate before and after electrowinning, and calculate the current efficiency.
The current efficiency is calculated by Eq. (5)
η =
G
qINt
× 100%
(5)
where η is current efficiency, G is the mass difference of the aluminum cathode after
electrowinning, q is the electrochemical equivalent of zinc (1.22 g (A h)
−1 ), I is
current intensity, t is deposition time, N equals 1 for the number of electrowinning
cell in this study.
J. Zhao et al.
Characterization of Material
The morphology and surface element distribution of the materials were characterized
by using a scanning electron microscope from the ZEISS Auriga SEM/FIB Crossbeam System, German. The crystal phase and structure of the catalyst were measured
by the Empyrean X-ray diffractometer from PANalytical, Netherlands. The test tube
current and voltage are 40 mA and 45 kV, respectively. The Cu Kα target ray has a
2θ angle ranging from 5° to 90°.
Electrochemical Measurement of Material
The electrochemical performance was measured with a three-electrode system by
using an electrochemical workstation (Autolab PGSTAT302N, Netherlands). The
working electrode was 1 * 1 cm
2 Amino-HNC, the counter and reference electrodes were carbon rod and saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and the electrolyte
was 0.5 mol L
−1 H 2 SO 4 . Nitrogen flow was fed into the electrolytic cell during
the electrochemical test process to eliminate the interference of dissolved oxygen.
Use a thermostatic water bath to adjust the system temperature. Magnetic agitation
(~300 rpm) is used to eliminate bubble effects during testing.
Zinc Electrowinning Experiment
The zinc electrowinning simulation experiment used a two-electrode system in a selfmade electrolytic cell. The zinc electrowinning device diagram was shown in Fig. 1.
The anode and cathode are as-prepared Amino-HNC with a working area of 2 * 2
cm
2 and high purity aluminum plate with a working area of 2 * 4 cm
2 , respectively.
The electrolyte of the electrowinning experiment contained 50 g/L Zn
2+ and 150 g/L
H 2 SO 4 . The working current density was 50 mA cm
−2 , and the constant current
density was used for electrowinning for 1 h. The chronopotentiometry method was
used to record the voltage change during electrowinning, weigh the mass of the
aluminum plate before and after electrowinning, and calculate the current efficiency.
The current efficiency is calculated by Eq. (5)
η =
G
qINt
× 100%
(5)
where η is current efficiency, G is the mass difference of the aluminum cathode after
electrowinning, q is the electrochemical equivalent of zinc (1.22 g (A h)
−1 ), I is
current intensity, t is deposition time, N equals 1 for the number of electrowinning
cell in this study.