Physical Simulation of Bubble Behaviors
and Optimization of Converting
Phosphogypsum into Ammonium Sulfate
Bing-Wei Liu, Yan Liu, Shuai-Dong Mao, and Ting-an Zhang
Abstract With the rapid development of the phosphorus chemical industry, the
accumulation of by-product phosphogypsum has increased year by year. The comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum has received extensive attention. In this paper,
physical simulation is used to investigate the effects of the shape of agitator, stirring
speed, inlet gas flow, eccentric stirring (the ratio of the distance from the center of the
agitator to the radius of the cylinder), and height of agitator (the distance between the
agitator and the bottom of the reactor) on the bubble size distribution. The optimized
conditions are: the agitator is SSB-D, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min, inlet gas
flow is 0.12 m
3 /h, eccentric stirring is 0.4, and the height of agitator is 3 cm, the
size of the bubbles is distributed between 0.5 and 3 mm. Under this condition, the
conversion rate of phosphogypsum can reach 91.95%. The experiment has certain
guiding significance for the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.
Keywords Phosphogypsum · Physical simulation · Bubble size · CO 2
Introduction
Phosphogypsum is the main waste residue in the wet production of phosphoric
acid and phosphate fertilizer. It not only has a huge output, but also has renewable
resources. At present, there are three main sources [1–3]: in the production of phosphate fertilizer from wet-process phosphoric acid; in the production of phosphate
B.-W. Liu · Y. Liu (B) · S.-D. Mao · T. Zhang
Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral, Ministry of Education,
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
e-mail: liuyan@smm.neu.edu.cn
B.-W. Liu
e-mail: 292790759@qq.com
S.-D. Mao
e-mail: 904517721@qq.com
T. Zhang
e-mail: zta2000@163.net
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021
A. A. Baba et al. (eds.), Energy Technology 2021, The Minerals, Metals
& Materials Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65257-9_13
133
and Optimization of Converting
Phosphogypsum into Ammonium Sulfate
Bing-Wei Liu, Yan Liu, Shuai-Dong Mao, and Ting-an Zhang
Abstract With the rapid development of the phosphorus chemical industry, the
accumulation of by-product phosphogypsum has increased year by year. The comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum has received extensive attention. In this paper,
physical simulation is used to investigate the effects of the shape of agitator, stirring
speed, inlet gas flow, eccentric stirring (the ratio of the distance from the center of the
agitator to the radius of the cylinder), and height of agitator (the distance between the
agitator and the bottom of the reactor) on the bubble size distribution. The optimized
conditions are: the agitator is SSB-D, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min, inlet gas
flow is 0.12 m
3 /h, eccentric stirring is 0.4, and the height of agitator is 3 cm, the
size of the bubbles is distributed between 0.5 and 3 mm. Under this condition, the
conversion rate of phosphogypsum can reach 91.95%. The experiment has certain
guiding significance for the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.
Keywords Phosphogypsum · Physical simulation · Bubble size · CO 2
Introduction
Phosphogypsum is the main waste residue in the wet production of phosphoric
acid and phosphate fertilizer. It not only has a huge output, but also has renewable
resources. At present, there are three main sources [1–3]: in the production of phosphate fertilizer from wet-process phosphoric acid; in the production of phosphate
B.-W. Liu · Y. Liu (B) · S.-D. Mao · T. Zhang
Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral, Ministry of Education,
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
e-mail: liuyan@smm.neu.edu.cn
B.-W. Liu
e-mail: 292790759@qq.com
S.-D. Mao
e-mail: 904517721@qq.com
T. Zhang
e-mail: zta2000@163.net
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021
A. A. Baba et al. (eds.), Energy Technology 2021, The Minerals, Metals
& Materials Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65257-9_13
133