3.3 The Review of APAC Hydrogen Policy Landscape
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deep-water harbour), Tasmania has not defined hard targets for the development
of renewable hydrogen.
Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory has not developed a hydrogen strategy. Nevertheless, renewable hydrogen for gas blending and mobility is considered as part of the
State renewable energy plan to achieve net zero emissions by 2045 (A.C.T. Government 2020). The Australian Capital Territory suffers from drought episodes
which could be an issue to produce renewable hydrogen via water electrolysis.
3.3.2 China
There is no China hydrogen strategy as such, though hydrogen research, development and applications have been supported during the five past successive
Five-Year Plans. Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are also part of the Energy
Innovation Action Plan (2016–2030) among fifteen areas for technological innovation. Although China’s interest in hydrogen comes from the automotive sector,
the main drivers for developing its hydrogen economy are the energy security, the
climate change, the air pollution, and the global competitiveness.
China is the largest producer of hydrogen globally with 21 million tons produced in 2016. Coal gasification has the largest share for hydrogen production
followed by SMR, altogether accounting for over 95% of the domestic hydrogen production. The renewable energy capacity has massively increased over the
past decade. With 6% of curtailment rate for solar PV and 12% for the wind
power, renewable hydrogen has become a credible solution for addressing the
renewable energy production waste. China has just recently started to develop
its power-to-x industry. While Chinese alkaline electrolysers are well established
and competitive globally, China has still a gap regarding the PEMEC technology,
better suited for power-to-x application (Verheul 2019). Renewable hydrogen is
expected to play a significant role in the decarbonisation of other industry sectors:
ammonia and methanol production, iron and steel manufacturing and oil refining
(IRENA/CNREC 2019). China hydrogen demand for the oil refinery sector could
triple by 2030 (IEA 2015).
National and local policies have set ambitious and quantified targets for the
deployment of hydrogen refuelling stations, fuel cell vehicles and the related
hydrogen infrastructures for storage, supply, and distribution. While renewable
hydrogen is considered as a storage solution to support renewable energy penetration and research programmes for power-to-x find financing, there are no
quantified targets for the development of renewable hydrogen.
25
deep-water harbour), Tasmania has not defined hard targets for the development
of renewable hydrogen.
Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory has not developed a hydrogen strategy. Nevertheless, renewable hydrogen for gas blending and mobility is considered as part of the
State renewable energy plan to achieve net zero emissions by 2045 (A.C.T. Government 2020). The Australian Capital Territory suffers from drought episodes
which could be an issue to produce renewable hydrogen via water electrolysis.
3.3.2 China
There is no China hydrogen strategy as such, though hydrogen research, development and applications have been supported during the five past successive
Five-Year Plans. Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are also part of the Energy
Innovation Action Plan (2016–2030) among fifteen areas for technological innovation. Although China’s interest in hydrogen comes from the automotive sector,
the main drivers for developing its hydrogen economy are the energy security, the
climate change, the air pollution, and the global competitiveness.
China is the largest producer of hydrogen globally with 21 million tons produced in 2016. Coal gasification has the largest share for hydrogen production
followed by SMR, altogether accounting for over 95% of the domestic hydrogen production. The renewable energy capacity has massively increased over the
past decade. With 6% of curtailment rate for solar PV and 12% for the wind
power, renewable hydrogen has become a credible solution for addressing the
renewable energy production waste. China has just recently started to develop
its power-to-x industry. While Chinese alkaline electrolysers are well established
and competitive globally, China has still a gap regarding the PEMEC technology,
better suited for power-to-x application (Verheul 2019). Renewable hydrogen is
expected to play a significant role in the decarbonisation of other industry sectors:
ammonia and methanol production, iron and steel manufacturing and oil refining
(IRENA/CNREC 2019). China hydrogen demand for the oil refinery sector could
triple by 2030 (IEA 2015).
National and local policies have set ambitious and quantified targets for the
deployment of hydrogen refuelling stations, fuel cell vehicles and the related
hydrogen infrastructures for storage, supply, and distribution. While renewable
hydrogen is considered as a storage solution to support renewable energy penetration and research programmes for power-to-x find financing, there are no
quantified targets for the development of renewable hydrogen.