(a) At what grazing angle would the diffracted beam for the Cu L 3 edge occur?
(b) What is the best possible resolution for a 10 μ exit slit size at S2?
Suppose you would use a crystal monochromator instead.
(c) What energy beam would be diffracted by a Si(1 1 1) crystal at the same
angle?
(d) What would be the resolution at that energy for a 1 mm S2 slit with such a
mono?
(e) What would be the limiting resolution with a very small slit?
6. Suppose you want to use a zone plate for capturing nitrogen Kα fluorescence.
(a) You decide to purchase a zone plate with 1000 zones (500 periods). If your
supplier can achieve a minimum zone width of 40 nm, what will be the
approximate diameter D?
(b) What will the minimum focal length be at 400 eV?
7. Ishikawa and coworkers built a 4-bounce asymmetric diffraction monochromator
using Si(11 5 3) reflections with ω S ¼ 1.8 mrad and an asymmetry angle of
À78.4
for the first reflection. Calculate the asymmetry factor b. Then, calculate
the angular acceptance ω i and the exit beam divergence ω e for the first reflection.
4.9 Reference Books and Review Articles
1. Optical Systems for Soft X-rays, A. G. Michette, Plenum, New York 1986, ISBN
0-306-42320-0 (hardcover) 1461293049 (paperback)—all you want to know
about soft X-ray optics
2. X-ray Optics for Third Generation Hard X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Sources,
D. M. Mills, Chapter 2, pp. 41-100, in Third Generation Hard X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Sources, edited by D. Mills, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2002, ISBN 0-471-31433-1.
3. Perfect Crystal Theory, Chapter 14 in X-ray Diffraction, B. E. Warren,
pp. 315-357, Dover Publications, New York, 1990, ISBN 0-486-66317-5.—a
reprint from 1969, Warren understood perfect crystal diffraction long ago and
presents it clearly.
4. Diffraction by Perfect Crystals, J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow, Chapter 5 in
Elements of Modern X-ray Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002, ISBN
0-471-49859-0.
5. Grating Monochromators and Optics for the VUV and Soft X-ray Region, R. L.
Johnson in Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 1a, Chapter 3, pp. 173 –
260, Elsevier, New York, 1983, ISBN 0-444-86709-0.
6. Optical Engineering, J. B. West and H. A. Padmore, in Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 2, Chapter 2, pp. 21 – 120, Elsevier, New York, 1987,
ISBN 0-444-87046-6.
7. X-ray Optics—High-Energy-Resolution Applications, Y. Shvyd’ko, Springer,
Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-540-21484-4.—especially strong for very high resolution
crystal diffraction.
104
4 X-ray Optics and Synchrotron Beamlines
(b) What is the best possible resolution for a 10 μ exit slit size at S2?
Suppose you would use a crystal monochromator instead.
(c) What energy beam would be diffracted by a Si(1 1 1) crystal at the same
angle?
(d) What would be the resolution at that energy for a 1 mm S2 slit with such a
mono?
(e) What would be the limiting resolution with a very small slit?
6. Suppose you want to use a zone plate for capturing nitrogen Kα fluorescence.
(a) You decide to purchase a zone plate with 1000 zones (500 periods). If your
supplier can achieve a minimum zone width of 40 nm, what will be the
approximate diameter D?
(b) What will the minimum focal length be at 400 eV?
7. Ishikawa and coworkers built a 4-bounce asymmetric diffraction monochromator
using Si(11 5 3) reflections with ω S ¼ 1.8 mrad and an asymmetry angle of
À78.4
for the first reflection. Calculate the asymmetry factor b. Then, calculate
the angular acceptance ω i and the exit beam divergence ω e for the first reflection.
4.9 Reference Books and Review Articles
1. Optical Systems for Soft X-rays, A. G. Michette, Plenum, New York 1986, ISBN
0-306-42320-0 (hardcover) 1461293049 (paperback)—all you want to know
about soft X-ray optics
2. X-ray Optics for Third Generation Hard X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Sources,
D. M. Mills, Chapter 2, pp. 41-100, in Third Generation Hard X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Sources, edited by D. Mills, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2002, ISBN 0-471-31433-1.
3. Perfect Crystal Theory, Chapter 14 in X-ray Diffraction, B. E. Warren,
pp. 315-357, Dover Publications, New York, 1990, ISBN 0-486-66317-5.—a
reprint from 1969, Warren understood perfect crystal diffraction long ago and
presents it clearly.
4. Diffraction by Perfect Crystals, J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow, Chapter 5 in
Elements of Modern X-ray Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002, ISBN
0-471-49859-0.
5. Grating Monochromators and Optics for the VUV and Soft X-ray Region, R. L.
Johnson in Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 1a, Chapter 3, pp. 173 –
260, Elsevier, New York, 1983, ISBN 0-444-86709-0.
6. Optical Engineering, J. B. West and H. A. Padmore, in Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 2, Chapter 2, pp. 21 – 120, Elsevier, New York, 1987,
ISBN 0-444-87046-6.
7. X-ray Optics—High-Energy-Resolution Applications, Y. Shvyd’ko, Springer,
Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-540-21484-4.—especially strong for very high resolution
crystal diffraction.
104
4 X-ray Optics and Synchrotron Beamlines