Fig. 2.1 Chemical structure of some detergents commonly used in membrane biochemistry. CHAPS,
3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CMC ¼ 6–10 mM); CHAPSO, 3-[(3cholamidopropyl)-dimethylamino]-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate (CMC % 8 mM); C m E n , alkylpolyoxyethylene, e.g. C 8 E 4 (CMC % 8.4 mM; Király et al. 1997), C 12 E 8 (CMC ¼ 0.07–0.1 mM), etc.; Chol,
sodium cholate (CMC ¼ 9–15 mM); α- (or β-) DDM (¼ C 12 -M), n-dodecyl-α- (or β-) D-maltopyranoside
(CMC % 0.17 mM for β-DDM, ~0.15 mM for α-DDM; Pagliano et al. 2012); Dg, digitonin (low
CMC); DHPC, dihexanoyl- or diheptanoyl phosphatidylcholine (diC 6 PC, CMC ¼ 6–7 mM, and
diC 7 PC, CMC ¼ 0.7–1.0 mM; Tausk et al. 1974); DOC, sodium deoxycholate (CMC ¼ 2–6 mM);
DPC, dodecylphosphocholine ¼ fos-choline-12 (CMC % 0.9 mM); HG, Hecameg (CMC % 19.5 mM;
Enzo Life Science web site); LDAO, lauryldimethylamine oxide (CMC ¼ 1–2 mM); OG, n-octyl-β-Dglucopyranoside (CMC ¼ 20–25 mM); OTG, n-octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside (CMC % 9 mM); SDS,
sodium dodecylsulfate (CMC ¼ 7–10 mM); TX-100, Triton X-100 (CMC ¼ 0.2–0.9 mM); Z3–Z14,
Zwittergent 3–14 (CMC ¼ 0.1–0.4 mM) (note that in lipid and detergent names, “lauryl” is often used for
“dodecyl”). Values of CMC are for solutions in water or dilute salt solutions and are from Neugebauer
(1988) and Bhairi and Mohan (2007), unless otherwise indicated.
2.2 Detergents
61