Fig. 6.11 Hypothetical scheme of events leading either to (re)folding to the native state ① or to the
formation of inactive forms due to incomplete (re)folding ②, misfolding ③, or aggregation ④, upon
removal of the denaturant from a solution of denatured membrane protein in the presence of (A) detergent or
mixed lipid/detergent micelles or (B) amphipols or amphipol/lipid mixtures. As compared to detergents,
APols are postulated to favor pathway ① over, in particular, pathway ②, because of their lesser detergency.
See text. (From Kleinschmidt and Popot (2014), # 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved).