11. Weiss K, Wirth-Pfeifer C, Hofmann M, Botzenhardt S, Lang H, Bruning K, Meichel E (2002)
Polymerisation of ethylene or propylene with heterogeneous metallocene catalyst on clay
minerals. J Mol Catal A Chem 182(183):143–149
12. Tudor J, Willington L, O’Hare D, Royan B (1996) Intercalation of catalytically active metal
complexes in phyllosilicates and their application as propene polymerisation catalysts. Chem
Commun 1996:2031–2032
13. Sun T, Garces JM (2002) High-performance polypropylene-clay nanocomposites by in-situ
polymerization with metallocene/clay catalysts. Adv Mater 14:128–130
14. Bergman JS, Chen H, Giannelis EP, Thomas MG, Coates GW (1999) Synthesis and characterization of polyolefin-silicate nanocomposites: a catalyst intercalation and in-situ polymerization approach. Chem Commun 1999:2179–2180
15. Dubois P, Alexandra M, Jerome R (2003) Polymerization-filled composites and
nanocomposites by coordination catalysis. Macromol Symp 194:13–26
16. Hlatky GG (2000) Heterogeneous single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization. Chem Rev
1000:1347–1376
17. Scott S, Peoples B, Rojas R, Tanna A, Shimizu F (2007) Method for forming exfoliated claypolyolefin nanocomposites. Patent WO 2007/146263
18. Malpass DB (2009) Commercially available metal alkyls and their use in polyolefin catalysts.
In: Hoff R, Mathers RT (eds) Handbook of transition metal catalysts. Wiley, Hoboken
19. Ishihama Y, Isobe E, Maruyama Y, Sagae T, Suga Y, Uehara Y (1995) Catalyst for
polymerizing an olefin and method for polymerizing the olefin. EP Patent 0683180
20. Guo N, DiBenedetto SA, Kwon D-K, Wang L, Russell MT, Lanagan MT, Facchetti A, Marks
TJ (2007) Supported metallocene catalysis for in-situ synthesis of high energy density metal
oxide nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 129(4):766–767
21. Amin SB, Marks TJ (2008) Versatile pathways for in-situ polyolefin functionalization with
heteroatoms: catalytic chain transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47(11):2006–2025.
doi:10.1002/anie.200703310
22. Gibson VC, Spitzmesser SK (2003) Advances in non-metallocene olefin polymerization
catalysis. Chem Rev 103(1):283–315
23. Ittel SD, Johnson LK, Brookhart M (2000) Late transition metal catalysts for ethylene homo
and copolymerization. Chem Rev 100:1169–1203
24. Edson JB, Dornski GJ, Rose JM, Bolig AD, Brookhart M, Coates GW (2009) Living transition
metal-catalyzed alkenen polymerization: polyolefin synthesis and new polymer architectures.
In: Mu ¨ller AHE, Matyjaszewski K (eds) Controlled and living polymerizations. Wiley,
Weinheim
25. Kempe R (2007) How to polymerize ethylene in a highly controlled fashion. Chem Eur J
13:2764–2773
26. Arriola DJ, Carnahan EM, Hustad PD, Kuhlman R, Wenzel TT (2006) Catalytic production of
olefin block copolymers via chain shuttling polymerization. Science 312:714–719.
doi:10.1126/science.1125268
27. Quijada R, Rojas R, Bazan GC, Komon ZJA, Mauler RS, Galland GB (2001) Synthesis of
branched polyethylene from ethylene by tandem action of iron and zirconium single site
catalysts. Macromolecules 34:2411–2417
28. Britovsek GJP, Gibson VC, Kimberley BS, Maddox PJ, McTavish SJ, Solan GA, White AJP,
Williams DJ (1998) Novel olefin polymerization catalysts based on iron and cobalt. Chem
Commun 1998(7):849–850
29. Small BL, Brookhart M, Bennett AMA (1998) Highly active iron and cobalt catalysts for the
polymerization of ethylene. J Am Chem Soc 120(16):4049–4050. doi:10.1021/J11802100s
30. Reardon D, Conan F, Gambarotta S, Yap G, Wang Q (1999) Life and death of an active
ethylene polymerization catalyst. Ligand involvement in catalyst activation and deactivation.
isolation and characterization of two unprecedented neutral and anionic vanadium(I) alkyls.
J Am Chem Soc 121:9318–9325. doi:10.1021/j1190263x
Iron Catalyst in the Preparation of Polyolefin Composites
359
Polymerisation of ethylene or propylene with heterogeneous metallocene catalyst on clay
minerals. J Mol Catal A Chem 182(183):143–149
12. Tudor J, Willington L, O’Hare D, Royan B (1996) Intercalation of catalytically active metal
complexes in phyllosilicates and their application as propene polymerisation catalysts. Chem
Commun 1996:2031–2032
13. Sun T, Garces JM (2002) High-performance polypropylene-clay nanocomposites by in-situ
polymerization with metallocene/clay catalysts. Adv Mater 14:128–130
14. Bergman JS, Chen H, Giannelis EP, Thomas MG, Coates GW (1999) Synthesis and characterization of polyolefin-silicate nanocomposites: a catalyst intercalation and in-situ polymerization approach. Chem Commun 1999:2179–2180
15. Dubois P, Alexandra M, Jerome R (2003) Polymerization-filled composites and
nanocomposites by coordination catalysis. Macromol Symp 194:13–26
16. Hlatky GG (2000) Heterogeneous single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization. Chem Rev
1000:1347–1376
17. Scott S, Peoples B, Rojas R, Tanna A, Shimizu F (2007) Method for forming exfoliated claypolyolefin nanocomposites. Patent WO 2007/146263
18. Malpass DB (2009) Commercially available metal alkyls and their use in polyolefin catalysts.
In: Hoff R, Mathers RT (eds) Handbook of transition metal catalysts. Wiley, Hoboken
19. Ishihama Y, Isobe E, Maruyama Y, Sagae T, Suga Y, Uehara Y (1995) Catalyst for
polymerizing an olefin and method for polymerizing the olefin. EP Patent 0683180
20. Guo N, DiBenedetto SA, Kwon D-K, Wang L, Russell MT, Lanagan MT, Facchetti A, Marks
TJ (2007) Supported metallocene catalysis for in-situ synthesis of high energy density metal
oxide nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 129(4):766–767
21. Amin SB, Marks TJ (2008) Versatile pathways for in-situ polyolefin functionalization with
heteroatoms: catalytic chain transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47(11):2006–2025.
doi:10.1002/anie.200703310
22. Gibson VC, Spitzmesser SK (2003) Advances in non-metallocene olefin polymerization
catalysis. Chem Rev 103(1):283–315
23. Ittel SD, Johnson LK, Brookhart M (2000) Late transition metal catalysts for ethylene homo
and copolymerization. Chem Rev 100:1169–1203
24. Edson JB, Dornski GJ, Rose JM, Bolig AD, Brookhart M, Coates GW (2009) Living transition
metal-catalyzed alkenen polymerization: polyolefin synthesis and new polymer architectures.
In: Mu ¨ller AHE, Matyjaszewski K (eds) Controlled and living polymerizations. Wiley,
Weinheim
25. Kempe R (2007) How to polymerize ethylene in a highly controlled fashion. Chem Eur J
13:2764–2773
26. Arriola DJ, Carnahan EM, Hustad PD, Kuhlman R, Wenzel TT (2006) Catalytic production of
olefin block copolymers via chain shuttling polymerization. Science 312:714–719.
doi:10.1126/science.1125268
27. Quijada R, Rojas R, Bazan GC, Komon ZJA, Mauler RS, Galland GB (2001) Synthesis of
branched polyethylene from ethylene by tandem action of iron and zirconium single site
catalysts. Macromolecules 34:2411–2417
28. Britovsek GJP, Gibson VC, Kimberley BS, Maddox PJ, McTavish SJ, Solan GA, White AJP,
Williams DJ (1998) Novel olefin polymerization catalysts based on iron and cobalt. Chem
Commun 1998(7):849–850
29. Small BL, Brookhart M, Bennett AMA (1998) Highly active iron and cobalt catalysts for the
polymerization of ethylene. J Am Chem Soc 120(16):4049–4050. doi:10.1021/J11802100s
30. Reardon D, Conan F, Gambarotta S, Yap G, Wang Q (1999) Life and death of an active
ethylene polymerization catalyst. Ligand involvement in catalyst activation and deactivation.
isolation and characterization of two unprecedented neutral and anionic vanadium(I) alkyls.
J Am Chem Soc 121:9318–9325. doi:10.1021/j1190263x
Iron Catalyst in the Preparation of Polyolefin Composites
359