30. Kato M, Usuki A (2000) Polymer–clay nanocomposites. In: Pinnavaia TJ, Beall GW (eds)
Polymer–clay nanocomposites. Wiley, Chichester, pp 97–109
31. Koo CM, Kim MJ, Choi MH, Kim SO, Chung IJ (2003) Mechanical and rheological
properties of the maleated polypropylene-layered silicate nanocomposites with different
morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 88(6):1526–1535
32. Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Strawhecker K, Lu B, Chung TC (2001) Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Review of the synthetic routes and materials properties. Chem
Mater 13(10):3516–3523
33. Theng BKG (1974) The chemistry of clay-organic reactions. Wiley, Adam Hilger, London
34. Kornmann X, Lindberg H, Berglund LA (2001) Synthesis of epoxy–clay nanocomposites:
influence of the nature of the clay on structure. Polymer 42(4):1303–1310
35. Brixie JM, Boyd SA (1994) Treatment of contaminated soils with organoclays to reduce
leachable pentachlorophenol. J Environ Qual 23(6):1283–1290
36. Barrer RM (1978) Zeolites and clay minerals as sorbents and molecular sieves. Academic,
London
37. Theng BKG, Churchman GJ, Gates WP, Yuan G (2008) Organically modified clays for
pollutant uptake and environmental protection. In: Huang Q, Huang PM, Violante A (eds)
Soil mineral–microbe–organic interactions. Springer, Berlin, pp 145–174
38. de Paiva LB, Morales AR, Valenzuela Diaz FR (2008) Organoclays: properties, preparation
and applications. Appl Clay Sci 42(1–2):8–24
39. Zanetti M, Lomakin S, Camino G (2000) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites.
Macromol Mater Eng 279(1):1–9
40. Ishida H, Campbell S, Blackwell J (2000) General approach to nanocomposite preparation.
Chem Mater 12(5):1260–1267
41. Krishnamoorti R, Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1996) Structure and dynamics of polymer-layered
silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater 8(8):1728–1734
42. Heller-Kallai L (2006) Thermally modified clay minerals. In: Bergaya F, Theng BKG, Lagaly
G (eds) Handbook of clay science. Developments in clay science, vol 1. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 289–308
43. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organicallymodified layered silicates. Macromolecules 30(25):7990–7999
44. LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinnavaia TJ (1999) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an
overview. Appl Clay Sci 15(1–2):11–29
45. Huang X, Lewis S, Brittain WJ, Vaia RA (2000) Synthesis of polycarbonate-layered silicate
nanocomposites via cyclic oligomers. Macromolecules 33(6):2000–2004
46. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered
silicates: model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules 30(25):8000–8009
47. Beyer G (2002) Nanocomposites: a new class of flame retardants for polymers. Plast Addit
Compd 4(10):22–28
48. Morgan AB, Gilman JW (2003) Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay)
nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: a comparative
study. J Appl Polym Sci 87(8):1329–1338
49. Ma J, Xu J, Ren J-H, Yu Z-Z, Mai Y-W (2003) A new approach to polymer/montmorillonite
nanocomposites. Polymer 44(16):4619–4624
50. Porter D, Metcalfe E, Thomas MJK (2000) Nanocomposite fire retardants-a review. Fire
Mater 24(1):45–52
51. VanderHart DL, Asano A, Gilman JW (2001) NMR measurements related to clay-dispersion
quality and organic-modifier stability in nylon-6/clay nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34
(12):3819–3822
52. Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from
preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28(11):1539–1641
Polyolefin/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization
335
Polymer–clay nanocomposites. Wiley, Chichester, pp 97–109
31. Koo CM, Kim MJ, Choi MH, Kim SO, Chung IJ (2003) Mechanical and rheological
properties of the maleated polypropylene-layered silicate nanocomposites with different
morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 88(6):1526–1535
32. Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Strawhecker K, Lu B, Chung TC (2001) Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Review of the synthetic routes and materials properties. Chem
Mater 13(10):3516–3523
33. Theng BKG (1974) The chemistry of clay-organic reactions. Wiley, Adam Hilger, London
34. Kornmann X, Lindberg H, Berglund LA (2001) Synthesis of epoxy–clay nanocomposites:
influence of the nature of the clay on structure. Polymer 42(4):1303–1310
35. Brixie JM, Boyd SA (1994) Treatment of contaminated soils with organoclays to reduce
leachable pentachlorophenol. J Environ Qual 23(6):1283–1290
36. Barrer RM (1978) Zeolites and clay minerals as sorbents and molecular sieves. Academic,
London
37. Theng BKG, Churchman GJ, Gates WP, Yuan G (2008) Organically modified clays for
pollutant uptake and environmental protection. In: Huang Q, Huang PM, Violante A (eds)
Soil mineral–microbe–organic interactions. Springer, Berlin, pp 145–174
38. de Paiva LB, Morales AR, Valenzuela Diaz FR (2008) Organoclays: properties, preparation
and applications. Appl Clay Sci 42(1–2):8–24
39. Zanetti M, Lomakin S, Camino G (2000) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites.
Macromol Mater Eng 279(1):1–9
40. Ishida H, Campbell S, Blackwell J (2000) General approach to nanocomposite preparation.
Chem Mater 12(5):1260–1267
41. Krishnamoorti R, Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1996) Structure and dynamics of polymer-layered
silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater 8(8):1728–1734
42. Heller-Kallai L (2006) Thermally modified clay minerals. In: Bergaya F, Theng BKG, Lagaly
G (eds) Handbook of clay science. Developments in clay science, vol 1. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 289–308
43. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organicallymodified layered silicates. Macromolecules 30(25):7990–7999
44. LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinnavaia TJ (1999) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an
overview. Appl Clay Sci 15(1–2):11–29
45. Huang X, Lewis S, Brittain WJ, Vaia RA (2000) Synthesis of polycarbonate-layered silicate
nanocomposites via cyclic oligomers. Macromolecules 33(6):2000–2004
46. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered
silicates: model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules 30(25):8000–8009
47. Beyer G (2002) Nanocomposites: a new class of flame retardants for polymers. Plast Addit
Compd 4(10):22–28
48. Morgan AB, Gilman JW (2003) Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay)
nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: a comparative
study. J Appl Polym Sci 87(8):1329–1338
49. Ma J, Xu J, Ren J-H, Yu Z-Z, Mai Y-W (2003) A new approach to polymer/montmorillonite
nanocomposites. Polymer 44(16):4619–4624
50. Porter D, Metcalfe E, Thomas MJK (2000) Nanocomposite fire retardants-a review. Fire
Mater 24(1):45–52
51. VanderHart DL, Asano A, Gilman JW (2001) NMR measurements related to clay-dispersion
quality and organic-modifier stability in nylon-6/clay nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34
(12):3819–3822
52. Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from
preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28(11):1539–1641
Polyolefin/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization
335