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145. Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Drzal LT (2007) A new compounding method for exfoliated
graphite–polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold. Compos Sci Technol 67:2045–2051
146. McAllister MJ, Li J-L, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, Herrera-Alonso M,
Milius DL, Car R, Prud’homme RK, Aksay IA (2007) Single sheet functionalized graphene
by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19:4396–4404
147. Stankovich S, Piner RD, Chen X, Wu N, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2006) Stable aqueous
dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the
presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J Mater Chem 16:155–158
148. Balandin AA (2011) Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials.
Nat Mater 10:569–581
149. Huang X, Yin Z, Wu S, Qi X, He Q, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Boey F, Zhang H (2011) Graphenebased materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Small 7:1876–1902
150. Steurer P, Wissert R, Thomann R, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2009) Functionalized graphenes and thermoplastic nanocomposites based upon expanded graphite oxide. Macromol Rapid Commun
30:316–327
151. Terrones M, Botello-Me ´ndez AR, Campos-Delgado J, Lo ´pez-Urı ´as F, Vega-Cantu ´ YI,
Rodrı ´guez-Macı ´as FJ, Elı ´as AL, Mun ˜oz-Sandoval E, Cano-Ma ´rquez AG, Charlier J-C,
306
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.
8:3498–3502
132. Wang X, Zhi L, Mu ¨llen K (2008) Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for
dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett 8:323–327
133. Wu J, Becerril HA, Bao Z, Liu Z, Chen Y, Peumans P (2008) Organic solar cells with
solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 92:263302–263303
134. Camino G, Duquesne S, Delobel R, Eling B, Lindsay C, Roels T (2001) Mechanism of
expandable graphite fire retardant action in polyurethanes. In: Nelson GL, Wilkie CA (eds)
Fire and polymers. ACS symposium series, vol 797. American Chemical Society,
Washington, pp 90–109
135. Duquesne S, Bras ML, Bourbigot S, Delobel R, Vezin H, Camino G, Eling B, Lindsay C,
Roels T (2003) Expandable graphite: a fire retardant additive for polyurethane coatings. Fire
Mater 27:103–117
136. Horacek H, Pieh S (2000) The importance of intumescent systems for fire protection of
plastic materials. Polym Int 49:1106–1114
137. Higginbotham AL, Lomeda JR, Morgan AB, Tour JM (2009) Graphite oxide flame-retardant
polymer nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1:2256–2261
138. Song P, Cao Z, Cai Y, Zhao L, Fang Z, Fu S (2011) Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based
polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Polymer
52:4001–4010
139. Xie R, Qu B, Hu K (2001) Dynamic FTIR studies of thermo-oxidation of expandable
graphite-based halogen-free flame retardant LLDPE blends. Polym Degrad Stab 72:313–321
140. Schartel B, Braun U, Schwarz U, Reinemann S (2003) Fire retardancy of polypropylene/flax
blends. Polymer 44:6241–6250
141. Hummers WS, Offeman RE (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80:1339
142. Schniepp HC, Li J-L, McAllister MJ, Sai H, Herrera-Alonso M, Adamson DH, Prud’homme
RK, Car R, Saville DA, Aksay IA (2006) Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from
splitting graphite oxide. J Phys Chem B 110:8535–8539
143. Yang D, Velamakanni A, Bozoklu G, Park S, Stoller M, Piner RD, Stankovich S, Jung I, Field
DA, Ventrice CA Jr, Ruoff RS (2009) Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat
and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Carbon
47:145–152
144. Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2010) The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem
Soc Rev 39:228–240
145. Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Drzal LT (2007) A new compounding method for exfoliated
graphite–polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold. Compos Sci Technol 67:2045–2051
146. McAllister MJ, Li J-L, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, Herrera-Alonso M,
Milius DL, Car R, Prud’homme RK, Aksay IA (2007) Single sheet functionalized graphene
by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19:4396–4404
147. Stankovich S, Piner RD, Chen X, Wu N, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2006) Stable aqueous
dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the
presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J Mater Chem 16:155–158
148. Balandin AA (2011) Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials.
Nat Mater 10:569–581
149. Huang X, Yin Z, Wu S, Qi X, He Q, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Boey F, Zhang H (2011) Graphenebased materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Small 7:1876–1902
150. Steurer P, Wissert R, Thomann R, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2009) Functionalized graphenes and thermoplastic nanocomposites based upon expanded graphite oxide. Macromol Rapid Commun
30:316–327
151. Terrones M, Botello-Me ´ndez AR, Campos-Delgado J, Lo ´pez-Urı ´as F, Vega-Cantu ´ YI,
Rodrı ´guez-Macı ´as FJ, Elı ´as AL, Mun ˜oz-Sandoval E, Cano-Ma ´rquez AG, Charlier J-C,
306
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.