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128:53–64
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45. Lehmus P, Ha ¨rkki O, Leino R, Luttikhedde HJG, Na ¨sman JH, Seppa ¨la ¨ JV (1999) Macromol
Chem Phys 199:1965–1972
46. Kokko E, Malmberg A, Lehmus P, Lo ¨fgren B, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2000) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem
38:376–388
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48. Ewen JA, Jones RL, Razavi A, Ferrara JD (1988) J Am Chem Soc 110:6255–6256
228
J. Seppa ¨la ¨ et al.
Chemicals (1993) Long chain branched polymers and a process to make long chain branched
polymers. International Patent WO 94/07930
11. Howard P, Maddox PJ, Partington SR, BP Chemicals Ltd (1995) Polymerisation process and
polyolefins obtained thereby. Patent EP 0 676 421 A1
12. Harrison D, Coulter IM, Wang S, Nistala S, Kuntz BA, Pigeon M, Tian J, Collins SJ (1998)
Molecular Catalysis A 128:65–77
13. Vega JF, Santamarı ´a A, Mun ˜oz-Escalona A, Lafuente P (1998) Macromolecules
31:3639–3647
14. Malmberg A, Kokko E, Lehmus P, Lo ¨fgren B, Seppa ¨la ¨ JV (1998) Macromolecules
31:8448–8454
15. Knuuttila H, Lehtinen A, Salminen H (2000) Metallocene catalyst technology in a bimodal
polymerization process. In: Scheirs J, Kaminsky W (eds) Metallocene-based polyolefins.
Wiley, Hoboken, pp 365–378
16. Boffa LS, Novak BM (2000) Chem Rev 100:1479–1493
17. Yanjarappa MJ, Sivaram S (2002) Prog Polym Sci 27:1479–1493
18. Seppa ¨la ¨ J, Lo ¨fgren B, Hakala K, Helaja T, Anttila U (2001) Polym Mater Sci Eng 84:257–258
19. Hakala K, Lo ¨fgren B, Helaja T (1998) European Polym J 34:1093–1097
20. Aaltonen P, Fink G, Lo ¨fgren B, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (1996) Macromolecules 29:5255–5260
21. Hakala K, Helaja T, Lo ¨fgren B (2000) J Polym Sci A 38:1966–1971
22. Hakala K, Helaja T, Lo ¨fgren B (2001) Polym Bull 46:123–130
23. Lipponen S, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2011) Organometallics 30:528–533
24. Lipponen S, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2002) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 40:1303–1308
25. Lipponen S, Lahelin M, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2009) Eur Polym J 45:1179–1189
26. Lipponen S, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2004) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 42:1461–1467
27. Lipponen S, Pietika ¨inen P, Vainio U, Seppa ¨la ¨ J, Serimaa R (2007) Polym Polym Comp
15:343–355
28. Lipponen S, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2005) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43:5597–5608
29. Lipponen S, Nyka ¨nen A, Ruokolainen J, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2011) Polym Comp 32:1835–1841
30. Kaminsky W, Engehausen R, Zoumis K, Spaleck W, Rohrmann J (1992) Makromol Chem
193:1643–1651
31. Wigum H, Tangen L, Sto ¨vneng JA, Rytter E (2000) J Polym Sci A 38:3161–3172
32. Heiland K, Kaminsky W (1992) Makromol Chem 193:601–610
33. Denger C, Haase U, Fink G (1991) Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 12:697–701
34. Uozumi T, Soga K (1992) Makromol Chem 193:823–831
35. Yano A, Hasegawa S, Kaneko T, Sone M, Sato M, Akimoto A (1999) Macromol Chem Phys
200:1542–1553
36. Suhm J, Schneider MJ, Mu ¨lhaupt R (1998) J Mol Catal A Chem 128:215–227
37. Karol FJ, Kao S-C, Wasserman EP, Brady RC (1997) New J Chem 21:797–805
38. Kaminsky W, Schlobohm M (1986) Makromol Chem Macromol Symp 4:103–118
39. Kaminsky W, Ku ¨lper K, Brintzinger H-H, Wild F (1985) Angew Chem 97:507–508
40. Ewen JA (1984) J Am Chem Soc 106:6355–6364
41. Chien JCW, He D (1991) J Polym Sci A 29:1585–1593
42. Busico V, Cipullo R, Caporaso L, Angelini G, Segre AL (1998) J Mol Catal A Chem
128:53–64
43. Carvill A, Tritto I, Locatelli P, Sacchi MC (1997) Macromolecules 30:7056–7062
44. Busico V, Cipullo R (1995) J Organomet Chem 497:113–118
45. Lehmus P, Ha ¨rkki O, Leino R, Luttikhedde HJG, Na ¨sman JH, Seppa ¨la ¨ JV (1999) Macromol
Chem Phys 199:1965–1972
46. Kokko E, Malmberg A, Lehmus P, Lo ¨fgren B, Seppa ¨la ¨ J (2000) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem
38:376–388
47. Beck S, Brintzinger H-H (1998) Inorg Chim Acta 270:376–381
48. Ewen JA, Jones RL, Razavi A, Ferrara JD (1988) J Am Chem Soc 110:6255–6256
228
J. Seppa ¨la ¨ et al.