75. Cooke IR, Deserno M (2006) Coupling between lipid shape and membrane curvature.
Biophys J 91(2):487–495
76. Hu M, Briguglio JJ, Deserno M (2012) Determining the Gaussian curvature modulus of lipid
membranes in simulations. Biophys J 102(6):1403–1410
77. Schmid F, Du ¨chs D, Lenz O, West B (2007) A generic model for lipid monolayers, bilayers,
and membranes. Comp Phys Comm 177(1–2):168
78. Du ¨chs D, Schmid F (2001) Phase behavior of amphiphilic monolayers: theory and simulations. J Phys Cond Matt 13:4853
79. Lenz O, Schmid F (2005) A simple computer model for liquid lipid bilayers. J Mol Liquid
117(1–3):147–152
80. Lenz O, Schmid F (2007) Structure of symmetric and asymmetric ripple phases in lipid
bilayers. Phys Rev Lett 98:058104
81. Meinhardt S, Vink R, Schmid F (2013) Monolayer curvature stabilizes nanoscale raft
domains in mixed lipid bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 12:4476–4481
82. Pike L (2006) Rafts defined: a report on the keystone symposium on lipid rafts and cell
function. J Lipid Res 47:1597–1598
83. Marrink SJ, de Vries AH, Mark AE (2004) Coarse grained model for semiquantitative lipid
simulations. J Phys Chem B 108(2):750–760
84. Marrink SJ, Risselada HJ, Yefimov S, Tieleman DP, de Vries AH (2007) The MARTINI force
field: coarse grained model for biomolecular simulations. J Phys Chem B 111:7812–7824
85. Monticelli L, Kandasamy SK, Periole X, Larson RG, Tieleman DP, Marrink SJ (2008) The
MARTINI coarse-grained force field: extension to proteins. J Chem Theory Comput
4(5):819–834
86. Lo ´pez CA, Rzepiela AJ, de Vries AH, Dijkhuizen L, Huenenberger PH, Marrink SJ (2009)
Martini coarse-grained force field: extension to carbohydrates. J Chem Theory Comput
5(12):3195–3210
87. Lo ´pez EA, Sovova Z, van Eerden FJ, de Vries AH, Marrink SJ (2013) MARTINI force field
parameters for glycolipids. J Chem Theory Comput 9(3):1694–1708
88. Lee S (1962) Spiderman, Amazing fantasy # 15. Marvel Comics, New York
89. Brochard F, Lennon JF (1975) Frequency spectrum of flicker phenomenon in erythrocytes.
J Phys (France) 36(11):1035–1047
90. Brochard F, De Gennes PG, Pfeuty P (1976) Surface tension and deformations of membrane
structures: relation to two-dimensional phase transitions. J Phys (France) 37:1099
91. Schneider MB, Jenkins JT, Webb WW (1984) Thermal fluctuations of large cylindrical
phospholipid-vesicles. Biophys J 45(5):891–899
92. Schneider MB, Jenkins JT, Webb WW (1984) Thermal fluctuations of large quasi-spherical
bimolecular phospholipid-vesicles. Biophys J 45(9):1457–1472
93. Faucon JF, Mitov MD, Me ´le ´ard P, Bivas I, Bothorel P (1989) Bending elasticity and thermal
fluctuations of lipid-membranes—theoretical and experimental requirements. J Phys (France)
50(17):2389–2414
94. Henriksen J, Rowat AC, Ipsen JH (2004) Vesicle fluctuation analysis of the effects of sterols
on membrane bending rigidity. Eur Biophys J 33(8):732–741
95. Evans E, Rawicz W (1990) Entropy-driven tension and bending elasticity in condensed-fluid
membranes. Phys Rev Lett 64(17):2094–2097
96. Liu YF, Nagle JF (2004) Diffuse scattering provides material parameters and electron density
profiles of biomembranes. Phys Rev E 69(4):040901
97. Chu N, Kuc ˇerka N, Liu YF, Tristram-Nagle S, Nagle JF (2005) Anomalous swelling of lipid
bilayer stacks is caused by softening of the bending modulus. Phys Rev E 71(4):041904
98. Tristram-Nagle S, Nagle JF (2007) HIV-1 fusion peptide decreases bending energy and
promotes curved fusion intermediates. Biophys J 93(6):2048–2055
99. Pan J, Tristram-Nagle S, Kuc ˇerka N, Nagle JF (2008) Temperature dependence of structure,
bending rigidity, and bilayer interactions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Biophys J
94(1):117–124
274
M. Deserno et al.
Biophys J 91(2):487–495
76. Hu M, Briguglio JJ, Deserno M (2012) Determining the Gaussian curvature modulus of lipid
membranes in simulations. Biophys J 102(6):1403–1410
77. Schmid F, Du ¨chs D, Lenz O, West B (2007) A generic model for lipid monolayers, bilayers,
and membranes. Comp Phys Comm 177(1–2):168
78. Du ¨chs D, Schmid F (2001) Phase behavior of amphiphilic monolayers: theory and simulations. J Phys Cond Matt 13:4853
79. Lenz O, Schmid F (2005) A simple computer model for liquid lipid bilayers. J Mol Liquid
117(1–3):147–152
80. Lenz O, Schmid F (2007) Structure of symmetric and asymmetric ripple phases in lipid
bilayers. Phys Rev Lett 98:058104
81. Meinhardt S, Vink R, Schmid F (2013) Monolayer curvature stabilizes nanoscale raft
domains in mixed lipid bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 12:4476–4481
82. Pike L (2006) Rafts defined: a report on the keystone symposium on lipid rafts and cell
function. J Lipid Res 47:1597–1598
83. Marrink SJ, de Vries AH, Mark AE (2004) Coarse grained model for semiquantitative lipid
simulations. J Phys Chem B 108(2):750–760
84. Marrink SJ, Risselada HJ, Yefimov S, Tieleman DP, de Vries AH (2007) The MARTINI force
field: coarse grained model for biomolecular simulations. J Phys Chem B 111:7812–7824
85. Monticelli L, Kandasamy SK, Periole X, Larson RG, Tieleman DP, Marrink SJ (2008) The
MARTINI coarse-grained force field: extension to proteins. J Chem Theory Comput
4(5):819–834
86. Lo ´pez CA, Rzepiela AJ, de Vries AH, Dijkhuizen L, Huenenberger PH, Marrink SJ (2009)
Martini coarse-grained force field: extension to carbohydrates. J Chem Theory Comput
5(12):3195–3210
87. Lo ´pez EA, Sovova Z, van Eerden FJ, de Vries AH, Marrink SJ (2013) MARTINI force field
parameters for glycolipids. J Chem Theory Comput 9(3):1694–1708
88. Lee S (1962) Spiderman, Amazing fantasy # 15. Marvel Comics, New York
89. Brochard F, Lennon JF (1975) Frequency spectrum of flicker phenomenon in erythrocytes.
J Phys (France) 36(11):1035–1047
90. Brochard F, De Gennes PG, Pfeuty P (1976) Surface tension and deformations of membrane
structures: relation to two-dimensional phase transitions. J Phys (France) 37:1099
91. Schneider MB, Jenkins JT, Webb WW (1984) Thermal fluctuations of large cylindrical
phospholipid-vesicles. Biophys J 45(5):891–899
92. Schneider MB, Jenkins JT, Webb WW (1984) Thermal fluctuations of large quasi-spherical
bimolecular phospholipid-vesicles. Biophys J 45(9):1457–1472
93. Faucon JF, Mitov MD, Me ´le ´ard P, Bivas I, Bothorel P (1989) Bending elasticity and thermal
fluctuations of lipid-membranes—theoretical and experimental requirements. J Phys (France)
50(17):2389–2414
94. Henriksen J, Rowat AC, Ipsen JH (2004) Vesicle fluctuation analysis of the effects of sterols
on membrane bending rigidity. Eur Biophys J 33(8):732–741
95. Evans E, Rawicz W (1990) Entropy-driven tension and bending elasticity in condensed-fluid
membranes. Phys Rev Lett 64(17):2094–2097
96. Liu YF, Nagle JF (2004) Diffuse scattering provides material parameters and electron density
profiles of biomembranes. Phys Rev E 69(4):040901
97. Chu N, Kuc ˇerka N, Liu YF, Tristram-Nagle S, Nagle JF (2005) Anomalous swelling of lipid
bilayer stacks is caused by softening of the bending modulus. Phys Rev E 71(4):041904
98. Tristram-Nagle S, Nagle JF (2007) HIV-1 fusion peptide decreases bending energy and
promotes curved fusion intermediates. Biophys J 93(6):2048–2055
99. Pan J, Tristram-Nagle S, Kuc ˇerka N, Nagle JF (2008) Temperature dependence of structure,
bending rigidity, and bilayer interactions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Biophys J
94(1):117–124
274
M. Deserno et al.