187. Yang L, Sontag SK, LaJoie TW, Li W, Huddleston NE, Locklin J, You W (2012) Surfaceinitiated poly(3-methylthiophene) as a hole-transport layer for polymer solar cells with high
performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:5069–5073
188. Hadjichristidis N, Pitsikalis M, Pispas S, Iatrou H (2001) Polymers with complex architecture
by living anionic polymerization. Chem Rev 101:3747–3792
189. Gao H, Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K (2005) Synthesis of degradable Miktoarm star
copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 38:5995–6004
190. Voit BI, Lederer A (2009) Hyperbranched and highly branched polymer architecturessynthetic strategies and major characterization aspects. Chem Rev 109:5924–5973
191. Pang X-C, Zhao L, Feng C-W, Lin Z-Q (2011) Novel amphiphilic multiarm, starlike coil-rod
diblock copolymers via a combination of click chemistry with living polymerization. Macromolecules 44:7176–7183
192. Pang X, Zhao L, Feng C, Wu R, Ma H, Lin Z (2013) Functional copolymer brushes composed
of a hydrophobic backbone and densely grafted conjugated side chains via a combination of
living polymerization with click chemistry. Polym Chem 4:2025–2032
193. Pang X, Feng C, Xu H, Han W, Xin X, Xia H, Qiu F, Lin Z (2014) Unimolecular micelles
composed of inner coil-like blocks and outer rod-like blocks crafted by combination of living
polymerization with click chemistry. Polym Chem 5:2747–2755
194. S-K A, Pickel DL, Kochemba WM, Chen J, Uhrig D, Hinestrosa JP, Carrillo J-M, Shao M,
Do C, Messman JM, Brown WM, Sumpter BG, Kilbey SM II (2013) Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
molecular bottlebrushes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization: macromolecular architecture enhanced aggregation. ACS Macro Lett 2:761–765
195. Han D, Tong X, Zhao Y (2012) Synthesis and characterization of six-arm star polystyreneblock-poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymer by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click reaction. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 50:4198–4205
196. Kim H-J, Lee YJ, Hwang SS, Choi DH, Yang H, Baek K-Y (2011) Synthesis of multiarmed
poly(3-hexyl thiophene) star polymer with microgel core by GRIM and ATRP methods.
J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 49:4221–4226
197. Sivula K, Ball ZT, Watanabe N, Frechet JMJ (2006) Amphiphilic diblock copolymer
compatibilizers and their effect on the morphology and performance of polythiophene:
fullerene solar cells. Adv Mater 18:206–210
198. Xiang N, Liu Y, Zhou W, Huang H, Guo X, Tan Z, Zhao B, Shen P, Tan S (2010) Synthesis
and characterization of porphyrin-terthiophene and oligothiophene π-conjugated copolymers
for polymer solar cells. Eur Polym J 46:1084–1092
199. Liu Y, Guo X, Xiang N, Zhao B, Huang H, Li H, Shen P, Tan S (2010) Synthesis and
photovoltaic properties of polythiophene stars with porphyrin cores. J Mater Chem 20:1140–
1146
200. Ponomarenko SA, Kirchmeyer S, Elschner A, Huisman B-H, Karbach A, Drechsler D (2003)
Star-shaped oligothiophenes for solution-processible organic field-effect transistors. Adv
Funct Mater 13:591–596
201. Vercelli B, Zotti G, Berlin A (2007) Star-shaped and linear terthiophene-thiol self-assembled
monolayers as scaffolds for gold nanoparticles. Chem Mater 19:443–452
202. Wang F, Rauh RD, Rose TL (1997) An electrically conducting star polymer. J Am Chem Soc
119:11106–11107
203. Wang F, Wilson MS, Rauh RD, Schottland P, Reynolds JR (1999) Electroactive and
conducting star-branched poly(3-hexylthiophene)s with a conjugated core. Macromolecules
32:4272–4278
204. Wang F, Wilson MS, Rauh RD, Schottland P, Thompson BC, Reynolds JR (2000)
Electrochromic linear and star branched poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-didodecyloxybenzene) polymers. Macromolecules 33:2083–2091
205. Miller LL, Kunugi Y, Canavesi A, Rigaut S, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR (1998)
“Vapoconductivity”. Sorption of organic vapors causes large increases in the conductivity
of a dendrimer. Chem Mater 10:1751–1754
Progress in the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
37
performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:5069–5073
188. Hadjichristidis N, Pitsikalis M, Pispas S, Iatrou H (2001) Polymers with complex architecture
by living anionic polymerization. Chem Rev 101:3747–3792
189. Gao H, Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K (2005) Synthesis of degradable Miktoarm star
copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 38:5995–6004
190. Voit BI, Lederer A (2009) Hyperbranched and highly branched polymer architecturessynthetic strategies and major characterization aspects. Chem Rev 109:5924–5973
191. Pang X-C, Zhao L, Feng C-W, Lin Z-Q (2011) Novel amphiphilic multiarm, starlike coil-rod
diblock copolymers via a combination of click chemistry with living polymerization. Macromolecules 44:7176–7183
192. Pang X, Zhao L, Feng C, Wu R, Ma H, Lin Z (2013) Functional copolymer brushes composed
of a hydrophobic backbone and densely grafted conjugated side chains via a combination of
living polymerization with click chemistry. Polym Chem 4:2025–2032
193. Pang X, Feng C, Xu H, Han W, Xin X, Xia H, Qiu F, Lin Z (2014) Unimolecular micelles
composed of inner coil-like blocks and outer rod-like blocks crafted by combination of living
polymerization with click chemistry. Polym Chem 5:2747–2755
194. S-K A, Pickel DL, Kochemba WM, Chen J, Uhrig D, Hinestrosa JP, Carrillo J-M, Shao M,
Do C, Messman JM, Brown WM, Sumpter BG, Kilbey SM II (2013) Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
molecular bottlebrushes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization: macromolecular architecture enhanced aggregation. ACS Macro Lett 2:761–765
195. Han D, Tong X, Zhao Y (2012) Synthesis and characterization of six-arm star polystyreneblock-poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymer by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click reaction. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 50:4198–4205
196. Kim H-J, Lee YJ, Hwang SS, Choi DH, Yang H, Baek K-Y (2011) Synthesis of multiarmed
poly(3-hexyl thiophene) star polymer with microgel core by GRIM and ATRP methods.
J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 49:4221–4226
197. Sivula K, Ball ZT, Watanabe N, Frechet JMJ (2006) Amphiphilic diblock copolymer
compatibilizers and their effect on the morphology and performance of polythiophene:
fullerene solar cells. Adv Mater 18:206–210
198. Xiang N, Liu Y, Zhou W, Huang H, Guo X, Tan Z, Zhao B, Shen P, Tan S (2010) Synthesis
and characterization of porphyrin-terthiophene and oligothiophene π-conjugated copolymers
for polymer solar cells. Eur Polym J 46:1084–1092
199. Liu Y, Guo X, Xiang N, Zhao B, Huang H, Li H, Shen P, Tan S (2010) Synthesis and
photovoltaic properties of polythiophene stars with porphyrin cores. J Mater Chem 20:1140–
1146
200. Ponomarenko SA, Kirchmeyer S, Elschner A, Huisman B-H, Karbach A, Drechsler D (2003)
Star-shaped oligothiophenes for solution-processible organic field-effect transistors. Adv
Funct Mater 13:591–596
201. Vercelli B, Zotti G, Berlin A (2007) Star-shaped and linear terthiophene-thiol self-assembled
monolayers as scaffolds for gold nanoparticles. Chem Mater 19:443–452
202. Wang F, Rauh RD, Rose TL (1997) An electrically conducting star polymer. J Am Chem Soc
119:11106–11107
203. Wang F, Wilson MS, Rauh RD, Schottland P, Reynolds JR (1999) Electroactive and
conducting star-branched poly(3-hexylthiophene)s with a conjugated core. Macromolecules
32:4272–4278
204. Wang F, Wilson MS, Rauh RD, Schottland P, Thompson BC, Reynolds JR (2000)
Electrochromic linear and star branched poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-didodecyloxybenzene) polymers. Macromolecules 33:2083–2091
205. Miller LL, Kunugi Y, Canavesi A, Rigaut S, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR (1998)
“Vapoconductivity”. Sorption of organic vapors causes large increases in the conductivity
of a dendrimer. Chem Mater 10:1751–1754
Progress in the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
37