112. Boyd SD, Jen AKY, Luscombe CK (2009) Steric stabilization effects in nickel-catalyzed
regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) synthesis. Macromolecules 42:9387–9389
113. Tkachov R, Senkovskyy V, Komber H, Kiriy A (2011) Influence of alkyl substitution pattern
on reactivity of thiophene-based monomers in Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation.
Macromolecules 44:2006–2015
114. Holdcroft S (1991) Determination of molecular weights and Mark–Houwink constants for
soluble electronically conducting polymers. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 29:1585–1588
115. Wong M, Hollinger J, Kozycz LM, McCormick TM, Lu Y, Burns DC, Seferos DS (2012) An
apparent size-exclusion quantification limit reveals a molecular weight limit in the synthesis
of externally initiated polythiophenes. ACS Macro Lett 1:1266–1269
116. Liu J, Loewe RS, McCullough RD (1999) Employing MALDI-MS on poly(alkylthiophenes):
analysis of molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, end-group structures, and
end-group modifications. Macromolecules 32:5777–5785
117. Wu P-T, Ren G, Li C, Mezzenga R, Jenekhe SA (2009) Crystalline diblock conjugated
copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly, and microphase separation of poly(3-butylthiophene)b-poly(3-octylthiophene). Macromolecules 42:2317–2320
118. Van DBK, Cosemans I, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G (2010) Expression of supramolecular
chirality in block copoly(thiophene)s. Macromolecules 43:3794–3800
119. Ho V, Boudouris BW, Segalman RA (2010) Tuning polythiophene crystallization through
systematic side chain functionalization. Macromolecules 43:7895–7899
120. Zhang Y, Tajima K, Hashimoto K (2009) Nanostructure formation in poly(3-hexylthiopheneblock-3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene)s. Macromolecules 42:7008–7015
121. Ohshimizu K, Ueda M (2008) Well-controlled synthesis of block copolythiophenes. Macromolecules 41:5289–5294
122. Javier AE, Varshney SR, McCullough RD (2010) Chain-growth synthesis of polyfluorenes
with low polydispersities, block copolymers of fluorene, and end-capped polyfluorenes:
toward new optoelectronic materials. Macromolecules 43:3233–3237
123. Hollinger J, Jahnke AA, Coombs N, Seferos DS (2010) Controlling phase separation and
optical properties in conjugated polymers through selenophene-thiophene copolymerization.
J Am Chem Soc 132:8546–8547
124. Locke JR, McNeil AJ (2010) Syntheses of gradient π-conjugated copolymers of thiophene.
Macromolecules 43:8709–8710
125. Jeffries-El M, Sauve G, McCullough RD (2005) Facile synthesis of end-functionalized
regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s via modified Grignard metathesis reaction. Macromolecules 38:10346–10352
126. Jeffries-El M, Sauve ´ G, McCullough RD (2004) In-situ end-group functionalization of
regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) using the Grignard metathesis polymerization method.
Adv Mater 16:1017
127. Iovu MC, Craley CR, Jeffries-El M, Krankowski AB, Zhang R, Kowalewski T, McCullough
RD (2007) Conducting regioregular polythiophene block copolymer nanofibrils synthesized
by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and nitroxide
mediated polymerization (NMP). Macromolecules 40:4733–4735
128. Iovu MC, Jeffries-El M, Sheina EE, Cooper JR, McCullough RD (2005) Regioregular poly
(3-alkylthiophene) conducting block copolymers. Polymer 46:8582–8586
129. Moon HC, Anthonysamy A, Kim JK, Hirao A (2011) Facile synthetic route for well-defined
poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer by anionic coupling
reaction. Macromolecules 44:1894–1899
130. Hundt N, Hoang Q, Nguyen H, Sista P, Hao J, Servello J, Palaniappan K, Alemseghed M,
Biewer MC, Stefan MC (2011) Synthesis and characterization of a block copolymer
containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). Macromol
Rapid Commun 32:302–308
131. Wu Z-Q, Ono RJ, Chen Z, Li Z, Bielawski CW (2011) Polythiophene-block-poly(γ-benzyl Lglutamate): synthesis and study of a new rod–rod block copolymer. Polym Chem 2:300–302
Progress in the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
33
regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) synthesis. Macromolecules 42:9387–9389
113. Tkachov R, Senkovskyy V, Komber H, Kiriy A (2011) Influence of alkyl substitution pattern
on reactivity of thiophene-based monomers in Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation.
Macromolecules 44:2006–2015
114. Holdcroft S (1991) Determination of molecular weights and Mark–Houwink constants for
soluble electronically conducting polymers. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 29:1585–1588
115. Wong M, Hollinger J, Kozycz LM, McCormick TM, Lu Y, Burns DC, Seferos DS (2012) An
apparent size-exclusion quantification limit reveals a molecular weight limit in the synthesis
of externally initiated polythiophenes. ACS Macro Lett 1:1266–1269
116. Liu J, Loewe RS, McCullough RD (1999) Employing MALDI-MS on poly(alkylthiophenes):
analysis of molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, end-group structures, and
end-group modifications. Macromolecules 32:5777–5785
117. Wu P-T, Ren G, Li C, Mezzenga R, Jenekhe SA (2009) Crystalline diblock conjugated
copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly, and microphase separation of poly(3-butylthiophene)b-poly(3-octylthiophene). Macromolecules 42:2317–2320
118. Van DBK, Cosemans I, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G (2010) Expression of supramolecular
chirality in block copoly(thiophene)s. Macromolecules 43:3794–3800
119. Ho V, Boudouris BW, Segalman RA (2010) Tuning polythiophene crystallization through
systematic side chain functionalization. Macromolecules 43:7895–7899
120. Zhang Y, Tajima K, Hashimoto K (2009) Nanostructure formation in poly(3-hexylthiopheneblock-3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene)s. Macromolecules 42:7008–7015
121. Ohshimizu K, Ueda M (2008) Well-controlled synthesis of block copolythiophenes. Macromolecules 41:5289–5294
122. Javier AE, Varshney SR, McCullough RD (2010) Chain-growth synthesis of polyfluorenes
with low polydispersities, block copolymers of fluorene, and end-capped polyfluorenes:
toward new optoelectronic materials. Macromolecules 43:3233–3237
123. Hollinger J, Jahnke AA, Coombs N, Seferos DS (2010) Controlling phase separation and
optical properties in conjugated polymers through selenophene-thiophene copolymerization.
J Am Chem Soc 132:8546–8547
124. Locke JR, McNeil AJ (2010) Syntheses of gradient π-conjugated copolymers of thiophene.
Macromolecules 43:8709–8710
125. Jeffries-El M, Sauve G, McCullough RD (2005) Facile synthesis of end-functionalized
regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s via modified Grignard metathesis reaction. Macromolecules 38:10346–10352
126. Jeffries-El M, Sauve ´ G, McCullough RD (2004) In-situ end-group functionalization of
regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) using the Grignard metathesis polymerization method.
Adv Mater 16:1017
127. Iovu MC, Craley CR, Jeffries-El M, Krankowski AB, Zhang R, Kowalewski T, McCullough
RD (2007) Conducting regioregular polythiophene block copolymer nanofibrils synthesized
by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and nitroxide
mediated polymerization (NMP). Macromolecules 40:4733–4735
128. Iovu MC, Jeffries-El M, Sheina EE, Cooper JR, McCullough RD (2005) Regioregular poly
(3-alkylthiophene) conducting block copolymers. Polymer 46:8582–8586
129. Moon HC, Anthonysamy A, Kim JK, Hirao A (2011) Facile synthetic route for well-defined
poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer by anionic coupling
reaction. Macromolecules 44:1894–1899
130. Hundt N, Hoang Q, Nguyen H, Sista P, Hao J, Servello J, Palaniappan K, Alemseghed M,
Biewer MC, Stefan MC (2011) Synthesis and characterization of a block copolymer
containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). Macromol
Rapid Commun 32:302–308
131. Wu Z-Q, Ono RJ, Chen Z, Li Z, Bielawski CW (2011) Polythiophene-block-poly(γ-benzyl Lglutamate): synthesis and study of a new rod–rod block copolymer. Polym Chem 2:300–302
Progress in the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
33