11. Yamamoto T (2010) Molecular assembly and properties of polythiophenes. NPG Asia Mater
2:54–60
12. Miyakoshi R, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2008) Development of catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization. Synthesis of π-conjugated polymers with controlled molecular weight
and low polydispersity. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46:753–765
13. Stefan MC, Bhatt MP, Sista P, Magurudeniya HD (2012) Grignard metathesis (GRIM)
polymerization for the synthesis of conjugated block copolymers containing regioregular
poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polym Chem 3:1693–1701
14. Okamoto K, Luscombe CK (2011) Controlled polymerizations for the synthesis of semiconducting conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2:2424–2434
15. Kiebooms R, Menon R, Lee K (2001) Synthesis, electrical and optical properties of conjugated polymers. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of advanced electronic and photonic materials
and devices, vol 1: semiconductors. Academic, San Diego
16. Marrocchi A, Lanari D, Facchetti A, Vaccaro L (2012) Poly(3-hexylthiophene): synthetic
methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Energ Environ Sci 5:8457–
8474
17. Bryan ZJ, McNeil AJ (2013) Conjugated polymer synthesis via catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP): mechanism, scope, and applications. Macromolecules 46:8395–8405
18. Yokozawa T, Ohta Y (2013) Scope of controlled synthesis via chain-growth condensation
polymerization: from aromatic polyamides to π-conjugated polymers. Chem Commun
49:8281–8310
19. Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC (2014) Polythiophenes in biological applications.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:250–272
20. Bhatt MP, Magurudeniya HD, Rainbolt EA, Huang P, Dissanayake DS, Biewer MC, Stefan
MC (2014) Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) nanostructured materials for organic electronics applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:1033–1050
21. Aiyar AR, Hong J-I, Reichmanis E (2012) Regioregularity and intrachain ordering: impact on
the nanostructure and charge transport in two-dimensional assemblies of poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Chem Mater 24:2845–2853
22. Barta P, Cacialli F, Friend RH, Salaneck WR, Zagorska M, Prori A (1999) On the influence of
regioregularity on electronic and optical properties of poly(alkylthiophenes). Synthetic Met
101:296–297
23. Bouzzine SM, Bouzakraoui S, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M (2007) Impact of the torsion on the
optoelectronic properties of poly(3-alkylthiophene): a spectroscopic and theoretical
approaches. Asian J Chem 19:1651–1657
24. Mao H, Xu B, Holdcroft S (1993) Synthesis and structure–property relationships of
regioirregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes). Macromolecules 26:1163–1169
25. Sirringhaus H, Brown PJ, Friend RH, Nielsen MM, Bechgaard K, Langeveld-Voss BMW,
Spiering AJH, Janssen RAJ, Meijer EW, Herwig P, De LDM (1999) Two-dimensional charge
transport in self-organized, high-mobility conjugated polymers. Nature 401:685–688
26. Chang J-F, Clark J, Zhao N, Sirringhaus H, Breiby DW, Andreasen JW, Nielsen MM,
Giles M, Heeney M, McCulloch I (2006) Molecular-weight dependence of interchain polaron
delocalization and exciton bandwidth in high-mobility conjugated polymers. Phys Rev B
Condens Matter Mater Phys 74:115318
27. Zhang R, Li B, Iovu MC, Jeffries-El M, Sauve G, Cooper J, Jia S, Tristram-Nagle S, Smilgies
DM, Lambeth DN, McCullough RD, Kowalewski T (2006) Nanostructure dependence of
field-effect mobility in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin film field effect transistors.
J Am Chem Soc 128:3480–3481
28. Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Kadnikova EN, Liu J, Frechet JMJ (2003) Controlling the fieldeffect mobility of regioregular polythiophene by changing the molecular weight. Adv Mater
15:1519–1522
28
P. Sista and C.K. Luscombe
2:54–60
12. Miyakoshi R, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2008) Development of catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization. Synthesis of π-conjugated polymers with controlled molecular weight
and low polydispersity. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46:753–765
13. Stefan MC, Bhatt MP, Sista P, Magurudeniya HD (2012) Grignard metathesis (GRIM)
polymerization for the synthesis of conjugated block copolymers containing regioregular
poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polym Chem 3:1693–1701
14. Okamoto K, Luscombe CK (2011) Controlled polymerizations for the synthesis of semiconducting conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2:2424–2434
15. Kiebooms R, Menon R, Lee K (2001) Synthesis, electrical and optical properties of conjugated polymers. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of advanced electronic and photonic materials
and devices, vol 1: semiconductors. Academic, San Diego
16. Marrocchi A, Lanari D, Facchetti A, Vaccaro L (2012) Poly(3-hexylthiophene): synthetic
methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Energ Environ Sci 5:8457–
8474
17. Bryan ZJ, McNeil AJ (2013) Conjugated polymer synthesis via catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP): mechanism, scope, and applications. Macromolecules 46:8395–8405
18. Yokozawa T, Ohta Y (2013) Scope of controlled synthesis via chain-growth condensation
polymerization: from aromatic polyamides to π-conjugated polymers. Chem Commun
49:8281–8310
19. Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC (2014) Polythiophenes in biological applications.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:250–272
20. Bhatt MP, Magurudeniya HD, Rainbolt EA, Huang P, Dissanayake DS, Biewer MC, Stefan
MC (2014) Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) nanostructured materials for organic electronics applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:1033–1050
21. Aiyar AR, Hong J-I, Reichmanis E (2012) Regioregularity and intrachain ordering: impact on
the nanostructure and charge transport in two-dimensional assemblies of poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Chem Mater 24:2845–2853
22. Barta P, Cacialli F, Friend RH, Salaneck WR, Zagorska M, Prori A (1999) On the influence of
regioregularity on electronic and optical properties of poly(alkylthiophenes). Synthetic Met
101:296–297
23. Bouzzine SM, Bouzakraoui S, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M (2007) Impact of the torsion on the
optoelectronic properties of poly(3-alkylthiophene): a spectroscopic and theoretical
approaches. Asian J Chem 19:1651–1657
24. Mao H, Xu B, Holdcroft S (1993) Synthesis and structure–property relationships of
regioirregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes). Macromolecules 26:1163–1169
25. Sirringhaus H, Brown PJ, Friend RH, Nielsen MM, Bechgaard K, Langeveld-Voss BMW,
Spiering AJH, Janssen RAJ, Meijer EW, Herwig P, De LDM (1999) Two-dimensional charge
transport in self-organized, high-mobility conjugated polymers. Nature 401:685–688
26. Chang J-F, Clark J, Zhao N, Sirringhaus H, Breiby DW, Andreasen JW, Nielsen MM,
Giles M, Heeney M, McCulloch I (2006) Molecular-weight dependence of interchain polaron
delocalization and exciton bandwidth in high-mobility conjugated polymers. Phys Rev B
Condens Matter Mater Phys 74:115318
27. Zhang R, Li B, Iovu MC, Jeffries-El M, Sauve G, Cooper J, Jia S, Tristram-Nagle S, Smilgies
DM, Lambeth DN, McCullough RD, Kowalewski T (2006) Nanostructure dependence of
field-effect mobility in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin film field effect transistors.
J Am Chem Soc 128:3480–3481
28. Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Kadnikova EN, Liu J, Frechet JMJ (2003) Controlling the fieldeffect mobility of regioregular polythiophene by changing the molecular weight. Adv Mater
15:1519–1522
28
P. Sista and C.K. Luscombe