parameters must be included into a hybrid kinetic Monte–Carlo scheme, with
transfer rates updated on the fly to account for long-range electrostatic and polarization effects.
Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by the DFG program IRTG 1404, DFG grant
SPP 1355, and BMBF grants MEDOS (FKZ 03EK3503B), MESOMERIE (FKZ 13N10723), and
MORPHEUS (FKZ 13N11704). We thank Patrick Gemu ¨nden for fruitful collaborations and
discussions. We are grateful to Jeroen van der Holst, Mara Jochum and Kurt Kremer for critical
reading of the manuscript.
References
1. McCullough RD (1998) Adv Mater 10(2):93–116
2. McCullough RD, Lowe RD (1992) Chem Commun 1992(1):70
3. Meyer V (1883) Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 16(1):1465
4. Yamamoto T, Sanechika K, Yamamoto A (1980) J Polym Sci Polym Lett Ed 18(1):9
5. Lin JWP, Dudek LP (1980) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 18(9):2869
6. Elsenbaumer R, Jen K, Oboodi R (1986) Synth Met 15(2–3):169
7. Perepichka IF, Perepichka DF, Meng H (2009) Thiophene-based materials for electroluminescent applications. In: Perepichka IF, Perepichka DF (ed), Handbook of thiophene-based
materials. Wiley, Hoboken, p 695–756
8. Prosa TJ, Winokur MJ, McCullough RD (1996) Macromolecules 29(10):3654
9. Brinkmann M (2011) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 49(17):1218
10. Wu Z, Petzold A, Henze T, Thurn-Albrecht T, Lohwasser RH, Sommer M, Thelakkat M
(2010) Macromolecules 43(10):4646
11. Yuan Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Hu J, Zhang T, Duan Y (2011) Macromolecules 44(23):9341
12. Dudenko D, Kiersnowski A, Shu J, Pisula W, Sebastiani D, Spiess HW, Hansen MR (2012)
Angew Chem Int Ed 51(44):11068
13. Poelking C, Andrienko D (2013) Macromolecules 46(22):8941
14. Shimomura T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Nakagawa S, Noguchi K, Heike S, Hashizume T
(2011) Phys Rev B 83(11):115314
15. Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang J, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y (2005) Nat Mater 4
(11):864
16. Mauer R, Kastler M, Laquai F (2010) Adv Funct Mater 20(13):2085
17. Ballantyne AM, Chen L, Dane J, Hammant T, Braun FM, Heeney M, Duffy W, McCulloch I,
Bradley DDC, Nelson J (2008) Adv Funct Mater 18(16):2373–2380
18. Tsumura A, Koezuka H, Ando T (1986) Appl Phys Lett 49(18):1210
19. Bao Z, Dodabalapur A, Lovinger AJ (1996) Appl Phys Lett 69(26):4108
20. Chang JF, Clark J, Zhao N, Sirringhaus H, Breiby DW, An-dreasen JW, Nielsen MM,
Giles M, Heeney M, McCulloch I (2006) Phys Rev B 74(11):115318
21. Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Kadnikova EN, Liu J, Fre ´chet JMJ, Toney MF (2005) Macromolecules 38(8):3312
22. Zen A, Paum J, Hirschmann S, Zhuang W, Jaiser F, Asawapirom U, Rabe JP, Scherf U, Neher
D (2004) Adv Funct Mater 14(8):757–764
23. Merlo JA, Frisbie CD (2003) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 41(21):2674–2680
24. Bolse ´e JC, Oosterbaan WD, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Manca J (2011) Org Electron 12
(12):2084
25. Raos G, Famulari A, Marcon V (2003) Chem Phys Lett 379(3–4):364
26. Darling SB, Sternberg M (2009) J Phys Chem B 113(18):6215, PMID: 19290596
27. Marchiori C, Koehler M (2010) Synth Met 160(7–8):643
176
C. Poelking et al.
transfer rates updated on the fly to account for long-range electrostatic and polarization effects.
Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by the DFG program IRTG 1404, DFG grant
SPP 1355, and BMBF grants MEDOS (FKZ 03EK3503B), MESOMERIE (FKZ 13N10723), and
MORPHEUS (FKZ 13N11704). We thank Patrick Gemu ¨nden for fruitful collaborations and
discussions. We are grateful to Jeroen van der Holst, Mara Jochum and Kurt Kremer for critical
reading of the manuscript.
References
1. McCullough RD (1998) Adv Mater 10(2):93–116
2. McCullough RD, Lowe RD (1992) Chem Commun 1992(1):70
3. Meyer V (1883) Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 16(1):1465
4. Yamamoto T, Sanechika K, Yamamoto A (1980) J Polym Sci Polym Lett Ed 18(1):9
5. Lin JWP, Dudek LP (1980) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 18(9):2869
6. Elsenbaumer R, Jen K, Oboodi R (1986) Synth Met 15(2–3):169
7. Perepichka IF, Perepichka DF, Meng H (2009) Thiophene-based materials for electroluminescent applications. In: Perepichka IF, Perepichka DF (ed), Handbook of thiophene-based
materials. Wiley, Hoboken, p 695–756
8. Prosa TJ, Winokur MJ, McCullough RD (1996) Macromolecules 29(10):3654
9. Brinkmann M (2011) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 49(17):1218
10. Wu Z, Petzold A, Henze T, Thurn-Albrecht T, Lohwasser RH, Sommer M, Thelakkat M
(2010) Macromolecules 43(10):4646
11. Yuan Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Hu J, Zhang T, Duan Y (2011) Macromolecules 44(23):9341
12. Dudenko D, Kiersnowski A, Shu J, Pisula W, Sebastiani D, Spiess HW, Hansen MR (2012)
Angew Chem Int Ed 51(44):11068
13. Poelking C, Andrienko D (2013) Macromolecules 46(22):8941
14. Shimomura T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Nakagawa S, Noguchi K, Heike S, Hashizume T
(2011) Phys Rev B 83(11):115314
15. Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang J, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y (2005) Nat Mater 4
(11):864
16. Mauer R, Kastler M, Laquai F (2010) Adv Funct Mater 20(13):2085
17. Ballantyne AM, Chen L, Dane J, Hammant T, Braun FM, Heeney M, Duffy W, McCulloch I,
Bradley DDC, Nelson J (2008) Adv Funct Mater 18(16):2373–2380
18. Tsumura A, Koezuka H, Ando T (1986) Appl Phys Lett 49(18):1210
19. Bao Z, Dodabalapur A, Lovinger AJ (1996) Appl Phys Lett 69(26):4108
20. Chang JF, Clark J, Zhao N, Sirringhaus H, Breiby DW, An-dreasen JW, Nielsen MM,
Giles M, Heeney M, McCulloch I (2006) Phys Rev B 74(11):115318
21. Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Kadnikova EN, Liu J, Fre ´chet JMJ, Toney MF (2005) Macromolecules 38(8):3312
22. Zen A, Paum J, Hirschmann S, Zhuang W, Jaiser F, Asawapirom U, Rabe JP, Scherf U, Neher
D (2004) Adv Funct Mater 14(8):757–764
23. Merlo JA, Frisbie CD (2003) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 41(21):2674–2680
24. Bolse ´e JC, Oosterbaan WD, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Manca J (2011) Org Electron 12
(12):2084
25. Raos G, Famulari A, Marcon V (2003) Chem Phys Lett 379(3–4):364
26. Darling SB, Sternberg M (2009) J Phys Chem B 113(18):6215, PMID: 19290596
27. Marchiori C, Koehler M (2010) Synth Met 160(7–8):643
176
C. Poelking et al.