the Kraus model (filler-filler interaction) [48] and the Maier and Go ¨ritz model
(matrix-filler interactions) [51], but still needed is development of new models
which will provide enhanced simulation of real polymer nanofilled systems.
Surface modification of the nanofiller will be a challenge in the preparation of
new types of rubber nanocomposites. Furthermore, the modification of various
nanofillers using other nanofiller systems will be a key to obtaining materials
with designed properties. The interactions at the interface between the nanofillers
and the matrix are one of the most important factors connected with the production
of the new improved polymeric nanocomposites. Understanding the modification of
the nanofiller in the polymer matrix, as well as the mechanical behavior in dynamic
mode, leads to the possibility of producing new rubber nanocomposites, for example, for tire applications, where enhanced rolling resistance would improve
traction [17].
References
1. Bikiaris D (2011) Can nanoparticles really enhance thermal stability of polymers? Part II: An
overview on thermal decomposition of polycondensation polymers. Thermochim Acta 523(1–
2):25–45
2. Sarvestani AS (2010) Nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer melts reinforced with high
concentration of rigid nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 5(4):791–794
3. Payne AR (1962) The dymanic properties of carbon black-loaded natural rubber vulcanizates.
Part I. J Appl Polym Sci 6:57
4. Payne AR (1965) Reinforcement of elastomers, Chap. 3. Interscience, New York, pp 69–123
5. Ajayan PM, Schadler LS, Braun PV (2003) Nanocomposite science and technology. Wiley,
Weinheim
6. Mukhopadhyay AM (2012) Nanoscale multifunctional materials, science and applications.
Wiley, Mississauga, ON
7. Li G, Wang L, Ni H Jr, CUP (2002) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) polymers
and copolymers: a review. J Inorg Org Polym 11(3):123–154
8. Cordes DB, Lickiss PD, Rataboul F (2010) Recent developments in the chemistry of cubic
polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes. Chem Rev 110(4):2081–2173
9. Ayandele E, Sarkar B, Alexandridis P (2012) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)containing polymer nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2(4):445–475
10. Markovic E, ConstantopolousK, Matisons JG (2011) In: Hartmann-Thompson C
(ed) Applications of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–46
11. Gnanasekaran D, Madhavan K, Reddy BSR (2009) Developments of polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxanes (POSS), POSS nanocomposites and their applications: a review. J Sci Ind Res
68:437–464
12. Pielichowski K, Janowski JNB (2006) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) -
containing nanohybrid polymers. Adv Polym Sci 201:225–296
13. Koo JH (2009) Polymer nanocomposites, processing, characterization and applications,
Chap. 2. An overview of nanoparticles. McGraw-Hill, New York
14. Phillips SH, Haddad TS, Tomczak SJ (2004) Developments in nanoscience. Polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-polymers. Curr Opin Sold State Mater Sci 8:21–29
15. http://www.hybridplastics.com
16. Rahman IA, Padavettan V (2012) Synthesis of silica nanoparticles by sol–gel: size-dependent
properties, surface modification, and applications in silica-polymer nanocomposites—a
review. J Nanomater 1–15
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Three Dimensional Filler Reinforced Rubber. . .
81
(matrix-filler interactions) [51], but still needed is development of new models
which will provide enhanced simulation of real polymer nanofilled systems.
Surface modification of the nanofiller will be a challenge in the preparation of
new types of rubber nanocomposites. Furthermore, the modification of various
nanofillers using other nanofiller systems will be a key to obtaining materials
with designed properties. The interactions at the interface between the nanofillers
and the matrix are one of the most important factors connected with the production
of the new improved polymeric nanocomposites. Understanding the modification of
the nanofiller in the polymer matrix, as well as the mechanical behavior in dynamic
mode, leads to the possibility of producing new rubber nanocomposites, for example, for tire applications, where enhanced rolling resistance would improve
traction [17].
References
1. Bikiaris D (2011) Can nanoparticles really enhance thermal stability of polymers? Part II: An
overview on thermal decomposition of polycondensation polymers. Thermochim Acta 523(1–
2):25–45
2. Sarvestani AS (2010) Nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer melts reinforced with high
concentration of rigid nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 5(4):791–794
3. Payne AR (1962) The dymanic properties of carbon black-loaded natural rubber vulcanizates.
Part I. J Appl Polym Sci 6:57
4. Payne AR (1965) Reinforcement of elastomers, Chap. 3. Interscience, New York, pp 69–123
5. Ajayan PM, Schadler LS, Braun PV (2003) Nanocomposite science and technology. Wiley,
Weinheim
6. Mukhopadhyay AM (2012) Nanoscale multifunctional materials, science and applications.
Wiley, Mississauga, ON
7. Li G, Wang L, Ni H Jr, CUP (2002) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) polymers
and copolymers: a review. J Inorg Org Polym 11(3):123–154
8. Cordes DB, Lickiss PD, Rataboul F (2010) Recent developments in the chemistry of cubic
polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes. Chem Rev 110(4):2081–2173
9. Ayandele E, Sarkar B, Alexandridis P (2012) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)containing polymer nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2(4):445–475
10. Markovic E, ConstantopolousK, Matisons JG (2011) In: Hartmann-Thompson C
(ed) Applications of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–46
11. Gnanasekaran D, Madhavan K, Reddy BSR (2009) Developments of polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxanes (POSS), POSS nanocomposites and their applications: a review. J Sci Ind Res
68:437–464
12. Pielichowski K, Janowski JNB (2006) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) -
containing nanohybrid polymers. Adv Polym Sci 201:225–296
13. Koo JH (2009) Polymer nanocomposites, processing, characterization and applications,
Chap. 2. An overview of nanoparticles. McGraw-Hill, New York
14. Phillips SH, Haddad TS, Tomczak SJ (2004) Developments in nanoscience. Polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-polymers. Curr Opin Sold State Mater Sci 8:21–29
15. http://www.hybridplastics.com
16. Rahman IA, Padavettan V (2012) Synthesis of silica nanoparticles by sol–gel: size-dependent
properties, surface modification, and applications in silica-polymer nanocomposites—a
review. J Nanomater 1–15
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Three Dimensional Filler Reinforced Rubber. . .
81