37. Sofo JO, Chaudhari AS, Barber GD (2007) Graphene: a two-dimensional hydrocarbon. Phys
Rev B 75:153401
38. Fujita M, Igami M, Nakada K (1997) Lattice distortion in nanographite ribbons. J Phys Soc Jpn
66:1864
39. Han MY, O ¨ zyilmaz B, Zhang Y, Kim P (2007) Energy band-gap engineering of graphene
nanoribbons. Phys Rev Lett 98:206805
40. Chen Z, Lin YM, Rooks MJ, Avouris P (2007) Graphene nano-ribbon electronics. Phys E
40:228
41. Utracki LA (2004) Clay containing polymeric nanocomposites. Rapra Technology, Shropshire
42. Wang Y, Liu J, Wang K, Chen T, Tan X, Li CM (2011) Hydrogen storage in NieB nanoalloydoped 2D graphene. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36:12950–12954
43. Khunova V, Kristo ´f J, Kelnar I, Dybal J (2013) The effect of halloysite modification combined
with in situ matrix modifications on the structure and properties of polypropylene/halloysite
nanocomposites. eXPRESS Polym Lett 7(5):471–479
44. Payne AR, Whittaker RE (1971) Low strain dynamic properties of filled rubbers. Rubber
Chem Technol 44:440–478
45. Heinrich G, Kluppel M, Vilgis T (2002) Reinforcement of elastomers. Curr Opin Solid State
Mater Sci 6:195–203
46. Kluppel M (2003) The role of disorder in filler reinforcement of elastomers on various length
scales. Adv Polym Sci 164:1–86
47. Sternstein SS, Zhu AJ (2002) Reinforcement mechanism of nanofilled polymer melts as
elucidated by nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Macromolecules 35:7262–7273
48. Payne AR (1965) In: Kraus G (ed) Reinforcement of elastomers, Chap 3. Wiley Interscience,
New York
49. Kraus G, Childers CW, Rollmann KW (1966) Stress softening in carbon black-reinforced
vulcanizates. Strain rate and temperature effects. J Appl Polym Sci 10:229–244
50. Kraus G (1963) Swelling of filler-reinforced vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 7:861–871
51. Huber G, Vilgis TA, Heinrich G (1996) Universal properties in the dynamical deformation of
filled rubbers. J Phys Condens Matter 8:L409–L412
52. Aranguren MI, Mora E, Macosko CW, Saam J (1994) Rheological and mechanical properties
of filled rubber: silica-silicone. Rubber Chem Technol 67:820
53. Aranguren MI, Mora E, DeGroot JV, Macosko CW (1992) Effect of reinforcing fillers on the
rheology of polymer melts. J Rheol 36(6):1165
54. Wang MJ (1998) Effect of polymer-filler and filler-filler interactions on dynamic properties of
filled vulcanizates. Rubber Chem Technol 71:520
55. Meera AP, Said S, Grohens Y, Thomas S (2009) Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of silica-filled
natural rubber nanocomposites. J Phys Chem C 113:17997
56. Wan T, Clifford MJ, Gao F, Bailey AS, Gregory DH, Somsunan R (2005) Strain amplitude
response and the microstructure of PA/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 46:6429–6436
57. Aubry T, Razafinimaro T, Me ´de ´ric P (2005) Rheological investigation of the melt state elastic
and yield properties of a polyamide-12 layered silicate nanocomposite. J Rheol 49:425–440
58. Devendra R, Hatzkiriakos SG, Vogel R (2006) Rheology of metallocene polyethylene-based
nanocomposites: influence of graft modification. J Rheol 50:415–434
59. Lertwimolnun W, Vergnes B, Ausias G, Carreau PJ (2007) Stress overshoots of organoclay
nanocomposites in transient shear flow. J Nonnewton Fluid Mech 141:167–169
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Two Dimensional Filler Reinforced Rubber. . .
57
Rev B 75:153401
38. Fujita M, Igami M, Nakada K (1997) Lattice distortion in nanographite ribbons. J Phys Soc Jpn
66:1864
39. Han MY, O ¨ zyilmaz B, Zhang Y, Kim P (2007) Energy band-gap engineering of graphene
nanoribbons. Phys Rev Lett 98:206805
40. Chen Z, Lin YM, Rooks MJ, Avouris P (2007) Graphene nano-ribbon electronics. Phys E
40:228
41. Utracki LA (2004) Clay containing polymeric nanocomposites. Rapra Technology, Shropshire
42. Wang Y, Liu J, Wang K, Chen T, Tan X, Li CM (2011) Hydrogen storage in NieB nanoalloydoped 2D graphene. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36:12950–12954
43. Khunova V, Kristo ´f J, Kelnar I, Dybal J (2013) The effect of halloysite modification combined
with in situ matrix modifications on the structure and properties of polypropylene/halloysite
nanocomposites. eXPRESS Polym Lett 7(5):471–479
44. Payne AR, Whittaker RE (1971) Low strain dynamic properties of filled rubbers. Rubber
Chem Technol 44:440–478
45. Heinrich G, Kluppel M, Vilgis T (2002) Reinforcement of elastomers. Curr Opin Solid State
Mater Sci 6:195–203
46. Kluppel M (2003) The role of disorder in filler reinforcement of elastomers on various length
scales. Adv Polym Sci 164:1–86
47. Sternstein SS, Zhu AJ (2002) Reinforcement mechanism of nanofilled polymer melts as
elucidated by nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Macromolecules 35:7262–7273
48. Payne AR (1965) In: Kraus G (ed) Reinforcement of elastomers, Chap 3. Wiley Interscience,
New York
49. Kraus G, Childers CW, Rollmann KW (1966) Stress softening in carbon black-reinforced
vulcanizates. Strain rate and temperature effects. J Appl Polym Sci 10:229–244
50. Kraus G (1963) Swelling of filler-reinforced vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 7:861–871
51. Huber G, Vilgis TA, Heinrich G (1996) Universal properties in the dynamical deformation of
filled rubbers. J Phys Condens Matter 8:L409–L412
52. Aranguren MI, Mora E, Macosko CW, Saam J (1994) Rheological and mechanical properties
of filled rubber: silica-silicone. Rubber Chem Technol 67:820
53. Aranguren MI, Mora E, DeGroot JV, Macosko CW (1992) Effect of reinforcing fillers on the
rheology of polymer melts. J Rheol 36(6):1165
54. Wang MJ (1998) Effect of polymer-filler and filler-filler interactions on dynamic properties of
filled vulcanizates. Rubber Chem Technol 71:520
55. Meera AP, Said S, Grohens Y, Thomas S (2009) Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of silica-filled
natural rubber nanocomposites. J Phys Chem C 113:17997
56. Wan T, Clifford MJ, Gao F, Bailey AS, Gregory DH, Somsunan R (2005) Strain amplitude
response and the microstructure of PA/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 46:6429–6436
57. Aubry T, Razafinimaro T, Me ´de ´ric P (2005) Rheological investigation of the melt state elastic
and yield properties of a polyamide-12 layered silicate nanocomposite. J Rheol 49:425–440
58. Devendra R, Hatzkiriakos SG, Vogel R (2006) Rheology of metallocene polyethylene-based
nanocomposites: influence of graft modification. J Rheol 50:415–434
59. Lertwimolnun W, Vergnes B, Ausias G, Carreau PJ (2007) Stress overshoots of organoclay
nanocomposites in transient shear flow. J Nonnewton Fluid Mech 141:167–169
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Two Dimensional Filler Reinforced Rubber. . .
57