46. Granick S, Hu H (1994) Nanorheology of confined polymer melts. 1. Linear shear response at
strongly adsorbing surfaces. Langmuir 10:3857–3866
47. Peanasky J, Cai LL, Granick S (1994) Nanorheology of confined polymer melts. 3. Weakly
adsorbing surfaces. Langmuir 10:3874–3879
48. Yatsuyanagi F, Kaidou H, Ito M (1999) Relationship between viscoelastic properties and
characteristics of filler-gel in filled rubber system. Rubber Chem Technol 4:657–672
49. Berriot J, Lequeux F, Montes H, Monnerie L, Long D, Sotta P (2002) Filler–elastomer
interaction in model filled rubbers, a
1
H NMR study. J Non Cryst Solids 307:719–724
50. Berriot J, Montes H, Lequeux F, Long D, Sotta P (2003) Gradient of glass transition temperature in filled elastomers. Europhys Lett 64:50–60
51. Montes H, Lequeux F, Berriot J (2003) Influence of the glass transition temperature gradient
on the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in reinforced elastomers. Macromolecules
36:8107–8118
52. Merabia S, Sotta P, Long DR (2008) A microscopic model for the reinforcement and the
nonlinear behavior of filled elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers (Payne and Mullins
Effects). Macromolecules 41:8252–8266
53. Bokobza L (2007) Multiwall carbon nanotube elastomeric composites: a review. Polymer
48:4907–4920
54. Zhu ZY, Thompson T, Wang SQ, von Meerwall ED, Halasa A (2005) Investigating linear and
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior using model silica-particle-filled polybutadiene. Macromolecules 38:8816–8824
55. Malchev PG, Picken SJ (2007) The strain dependence of the dynamic moduli of short fiber
reinforced thermoplastic blends. J Rheol 51:235–260
56. Mullins L (1969) Softening of rubber by deformation. Rubber Chem Technol 42:339–362
57. Cadambi RM, Ghassemieh E (2012) Optimized process for the inclusion of carbon nanotubes
in elastomers with improved thermal and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci
124:4993–5001
58. Das A, Stockelhuber KW, Jurk R, Saphiannikova M, Fritzsche J, Lorenz H, Kluppel M,
Heinrich G (2008) Modified and unmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes in high performance solution-styrene–butadiene and butadiene rubber blends. Polymer 49:5276–5283
59. Lopez-Manchado MA, Biagiotti J, Valentini L, Kenny JM (2004) Dynamic mechanical and
Raman spectroscopy studies on interaction between single-walled carbon nanotubes and
natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3394–3400
60. Nah C, Lim JY, Cho BH, Hong CK, Gent AN (2010) Reinforcing rubber with carbon
nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 118:1574–1581
61. Bhattacharyya S, Sinturel C, Bahloul O, Saboungi ML, Thomas S, Salvetat JP (2008) Improving reinforcement of natural rubber by networking of activated carbon nanotubes. Carbon
46:1037–1045
62. Datta S, Naskar K, Bhardwaj YK, Sabharwal S (2011) A study on dynamic rheological
characterisation of electron beam crosslinked high vinyl styrene butadiene styrene block
copolymer. Polym Bull 66:637–647
63. Chen YK, Wang YP, Xu CH (2012) Effects of thermal history on isotactic polypropylene.
J Macromol Sci B Phys 51:1921
64. Chen YK, Xu CH (2011) Specific nonlinear viscoelasticity behaviors of natural rubber and
zinc dimethacrylate composites due to multi-crosslinking bond interaction by using rubber
process analyzer 2000. Polym Compos 32:1593–1600
65. Subramaniam K, Das A, Heinrich G (2011) Development of conducting polychloroprene
rubber using imidazolium based ionic liquid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos
Sci Technol 71:1441–1449
Origin of Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Filled Rubbers: Theory and Practice
13
strongly adsorbing surfaces. Langmuir 10:3857–3866
47. Peanasky J, Cai LL, Granick S (1994) Nanorheology of confined polymer melts. 3. Weakly
adsorbing surfaces. Langmuir 10:3874–3879
48. Yatsuyanagi F, Kaidou H, Ito M (1999) Relationship between viscoelastic properties and
characteristics of filler-gel in filled rubber system. Rubber Chem Technol 4:657–672
49. Berriot J, Lequeux F, Montes H, Monnerie L, Long D, Sotta P (2002) Filler–elastomer
interaction in model filled rubbers, a
1
H NMR study. J Non Cryst Solids 307:719–724
50. Berriot J, Montes H, Lequeux F, Long D, Sotta P (2003) Gradient of glass transition temperature in filled elastomers. Europhys Lett 64:50–60
51. Montes H, Lequeux F, Berriot J (2003) Influence of the glass transition temperature gradient
on the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in reinforced elastomers. Macromolecules
36:8107–8118
52. Merabia S, Sotta P, Long DR (2008) A microscopic model for the reinforcement and the
nonlinear behavior of filled elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers (Payne and Mullins
Effects). Macromolecules 41:8252–8266
53. Bokobza L (2007) Multiwall carbon nanotube elastomeric composites: a review. Polymer
48:4907–4920
54. Zhu ZY, Thompson T, Wang SQ, von Meerwall ED, Halasa A (2005) Investigating linear and
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior using model silica-particle-filled polybutadiene. Macromolecules 38:8816–8824
55. Malchev PG, Picken SJ (2007) The strain dependence of the dynamic moduli of short fiber
reinforced thermoplastic blends. J Rheol 51:235–260
56. Mullins L (1969) Softening of rubber by deformation. Rubber Chem Technol 42:339–362
57. Cadambi RM, Ghassemieh E (2012) Optimized process for the inclusion of carbon nanotubes
in elastomers with improved thermal and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci
124:4993–5001
58. Das A, Stockelhuber KW, Jurk R, Saphiannikova M, Fritzsche J, Lorenz H, Kluppel M,
Heinrich G (2008) Modified and unmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes in high performance solution-styrene–butadiene and butadiene rubber blends. Polymer 49:5276–5283
59. Lopez-Manchado MA, Biagiotti J, Valentini L, Kenny JM (2004) Dynamic mechanical and
Raman spectroscopy studies on interaction between single-walled carbon nanotubes and
natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3394–3400
60. Nah C, Lim JY, Cho BH, Hong CK, Gent AN (2010) Reinforcing rubber with carbon
nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 118:1574–1581
61. Bhattacharyya S, Sinturel C, Bahloul O, Saboungi ML, Thomas S, Salvetat JP (2008) Improving reinforcement of natural rubber by networking of activated carbon nanotubes. Carbon
46:1037–1045
62. Datta S, Naskar K, Bhardwaj YK, Sabharwal S (2011) A study on dynamic rheological
characterisation of electron beam crosslinked high vinyl styrene butadiene styrene block
copolymer. Polym Bull 66:637–647
63. Chen YK, Wang YP, Xu CH (2012) Effects of thermal history on isotactic polypropylene.
J Macromol Sci B Phys 51:1921
64. Chen YK, Xu CH (2011) Specific nonlinear viscoelasticity behaviors of natural rubber and
zinc dimethacrylate composites due to multi-crosslinking bond interaction by using rubber
process analyzer 2000. Polym Compos 32:1593–1600
65. Subramaniam K, Das A, Heinrich G (2011) Development of conducting polychloroprene
rubber using imidazolium based ionic liquid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos
Sci Technol 71:1441–1449
Origin of Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Filled Rubbers: Theory and Practice
13