At the end of the vulcanization process for some specific applications, such as in
tyres, reinforcing filler, usually carbon black is added to the compound. This carbon
based curative lends to the material the black color typical of tires.
The tensile strength of rubber increases with increasing filler content up to a
certain level. Beyond this level, the tensile strength decreases with higher filler
concentrations. Goldberg et al. [42] suggested that this is because high amounts of
carbon black fillers cause the carbon black to agglomerate into large clusters and
these clusters impart flaws that can easily create cracks and lead to a catastrophic
Fig. 1 The energy dissipation is a primary feature to be predicted in many engineering applications such as the estimate of the rolling resistance of tires and hysteretic losses in biological tissues
and the design of vibration absorbers
Fig. 2 Effects of stretching on a non-vulcanized (above) and a vulcanized (below) elastomer
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G. Markovic ´ et al.
tyres, reinforcing filler, usually carbon black is added to the compound. This carbon
based curative lends to the material the black color typical of tires.
The tensile strength of rubber increases with increasing filler content up to a
certain level. Beyond this level, the tensile strength decreases with higher filler
concentrations. Goldberg et al. [42] suggested that this is because high amounts of
carbon black fillers cause the carbon black to agglomerate into large clusters and
these clusters impart flaws that can easily create cracks and lead to a catastrophic
Fig. 1 The energy dissipation is a primary feature to be predicted in many engineering applications such as the estimate of the rolling resistance of tires and hysteretic losses in biological tissues
and the design of vibration absorbers
Fig. 2 Effects of stretching on a non-vulcanized (above) and a vulcanized (below) elastomer
198
G. Markovic ´ et al.