temperatures and frequencies. Since the discussion of viscoelastic behavior of the
elatomers is based on the double network, it could be useful to briefly review some
basic conceptions of “double network” in rubbers.
2 Transient Double-Network
2.1 Song’s Transient Double-Network Model [8]
Song and coworkers [8] established a double-network model, which consisted of
the segments, E and A-constituent chains, the polymeric chains entangled with
other ones by multi-entanglement and polymeric chains connected to a great
number of destructible particles by multi-adsorption, based on which the E and
A-constituent chains could be recreated and released dynamically.
2.1.1 Entangled Network (E-Network) [8]
E-network model is based on that the entangled polymer chain may be decomposed
into three and four-body constituent chains by entanglements as shown in Fig. 1a.
The constituent chain by entanglement with different sizes is shown in Fig. 2a.
They can be divided into the terminal or tail and loop forms which are located at the
end and middle of polymer chain, respectively. The entangled segments with
different lengths are tail and loop segments which are located at the end and middle
of polymer chains, respectively.
2.1.2 Adsorbed Network (A-Network) [8]
A-network model is based on that the adsorbed polymer chain may be decomposed
into (f-1) and f-body constituent chains by adsorption on filled particles as shown in
Fig. 1b. The constituent chain by adsorption on filled particles with different sizes is
shown in Fig. 2b. Similar to the E-network model, they may be divided into the
terminal or tail and loop forms which are located at the end and middle of polymer
chains, respectively. The adsorbed segments with different lengths have the tail and
loop segments which are located at the end and middle of polymer chains,
respectively.
The motion of polymer chains in a transient double network is controlled by the
change of their conformations and the temporary topological constraints. For
quantitatively describing the topological constraint (local entanglements and
adsorptions) effect of polymer chains in the loop and terminal entanglement and
adsorption spaces per polymer chain (or the average number of trapped and
Effect of Double Networking on Non-Linear Viscoelasticity of Elastomers
163
elatomers is based on the double network, it could be useful to briefly review some
basic conceptions of “double network” in rubbers.
2 Transient Double-Network
2.1 Song’s Transient Double-Network Model [8]
Song and coworkers [8] established a double-network model, which consisted of
the segments, E and A-constituent chains, the polymeric chains entangled with
other ones by multi-entanglement and polymeric chains connected to a great
number of destructible particles by multi-adsorption, based on which the E and
A-constituent chains could be recreated and released dynamically.
2.1.1 Entangled Network (E-Network) [8]
E-network model is based on that the entangled polymer chain may be decomposed
into three and four-body constituent chains by entanglements as shown in Fig. 1a.
The constituent chain by entanglement with different sizes is shown in Fig. 2a.
They can be divided into the terminal or tail and loop forms which are located at the
end and middle of polymer chain, respectively. The entangled segments with
different lengths are tail and loop segments which are located at the end and middle
of polymer chains, respectively.
2.1.2 Adsorbed Network (A-Network) [8]
A-network model is based on that the adsorbed polymer chain may be decomposed
into (f-1) and f-body constituent chains by adsorption on filled particles as shown in
Fig. 1b. The constituent chain by adsorption on filled particles with different sizes is
shown in Fig. 2b. Similar to the E-network model, they may be divided into the
terminal or tail and loop forms which are located at the end and middle of polymer
chains, respectively. The adsorbed segments with different lengths have the tail and
loop segments which are located at the end and middle of polymer chains,
respectively.
The motion of polymer chains in a transient double network is controlled by the
change of their conformations and the temporary topological constraints. For
quantitatively describing the topological constraint (local entanglements and
adsorptions) effect of polymer chains in the loop and terminal entanglement and
adsorption spaces per polymer chain (or the average number of trapped and
Effect of Double Networking on Non-Linear Viscoelasticity of Elastomers
163