3 Conclusions
Rubber composites/nanocomposites derived from hybrid fillers are promising class
of materials with emerging applications in different fields like materials science,
nanotechnology, and nanobiotechnology etc. The viscoelastic behavior of rubber
composites increases with the increase in filler fraction in the rubber matrix.
However, use of hybrid fillers in the cured rubber matrix enhances the viscoelastic
properties of the rubber composites to a greater extent than the composites with
single filler. Rubber composites derived from hybrid fillers (mixture of fillers) carry
the properties of individual fillers. The improvement of viscoelastic properties of
rubber composites/nanocomposites depends on different factors (viz. filler concentration in rubber matrix, particle size, curing, rubber-filler interaction, and
processing conditions etc.). In addition to the viscoelastic properties, there is
enhancement in other properties like thermal stability, mechanical properties, and
electrical properties etc by the use of hybrid filler systems. The cure characteristics/
behavior of rubber composites are also affected by the use of hybrid fillers.
References
1. Anandhan S, Bandyopadhyay S (2011) Polymer nanocomposites: from synthesis to applications. In: Cuppoletti J (ed) Nanocomposites and polymers with analytical methods. InTech,
Croatia. ISBN 978-953-307-352-1
2. Nayak S, Sahoo B, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of polyurethane-titania
nanocomposites as dielectric and piezoelectric material. RSC Adv 3:2620
3. Nayak S, Rahaman M, Pandey AK, Setua DK, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of
poly(dimethylsiloxane)-titania nanocomposites with controlled dielectric properties: effect of
heat treatment of titania on electrical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 127(1):784
4. Liang GD, Tjong SC (2006) Electrical properties of low-density polyethylene/multiwalled
carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Mater Chem Phys 100:132
5. Girei SA, Thomas SP, Atieh MA, Mezghani K, De SK, Bandyopadhyay S, Al-Juhani A (2012)
Effect of –COOH functionalized carbon nanotubes on mechanical, dynamic mechanical and
thermal properties of polypropylene nanocomposites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 25:333
6. Ramajo LA, Reboredo MM, Castro MS (2007) Characterisation of epoxy/BaTiO 3 composites
processed by dipping for integral capacitor films (ICF). J Mater Sci 42:3685
7. Ramajo L, Castro MS, Reboredo MM (2010) Dielectric response of Ag/BaTiO 3 /epoxy
nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 45:106
8. Matienzo LJ, Farquhar D (2008) A model system for the optimization of lamination parameters of PTFE-based dielectrics and metal surfaces. J Mater Sci 43:2035
9. Olad A (2011) Polymer/clay nanocomposites. In: Dr. Reddy B (ed) Advances in diverse
industrial applications of nanocomposites. InTech, University of Tabriz, Iran. ISBN 978953-307-202-9
10. Chung T-S, Jiang LY, Li Y, Kulprathipanja S (2007) Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs)
comprising organic polymers with dispersed inorganic fillers for gas separation. Prog Polym
Sci 32:483
11. Nayak S, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of poly(dimethylsiloxane)/BaTiO 3
nanocomposites as dielectric material. Adv Mater Res 622–623:897
158
S. Nayak and T.K. Chaki
Rubber composites/nanocomposites derived from hybrid fillers are promising class
of materials with emerging applications in different fields like materials science,
nanotechnology, and nanobiotechnology etc. The viscoelastic behavior of rubber
composites increases with the increase in filler fraction in the rubber matrix.
However, use of hybrid fillers in the cured rubber matrix enhances the viscoelastic
properties of the rubber composites to a greater extent than the composites with
single filler. Rubber composites derived from hybrid fillers (mixture of fillers) carry
the properties of individual fillers. The improvement of viscoelastic properties of
rubber composites/nanocomposites depends on different factors (viz. filler concentration in rubber matrix, particle size, curing, rubber-filler interaction, and
processing conditions etc.). In addition to the viscoelastic properties, there is
enhancement in other properties like thermal stability, mechanical properties, and
electrical properties etc by the use of hybrid filler systems. The cure characteristics/
behavior of rubber composites are also affected by the use of hybrid fillers.
References
1. Anandhan S, Bandyopadhyay S (2011) Polymer nanocomposites: from synthesis to applications. In: Cuppoletti J (ed) Nanocomposites and polymers with analytical methods. InTech,
Croatia. ISBN 978-953-307-352-1
2. Nayak S, Sahoo B, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of polyurethane-titania
nanocomposites as dielectric and piezoelectric material. RSC Adv 3:2620
3. Nayak S, Rahaman M, Pandey AK, Setua DK, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of
poly(dimethylsiloxane)-titania nanocomposites with controlled dielectric properties: effect of
heat treatment of titania on electrical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 127(1):784
4. Liang GD, Tjong SC (2006) Electrical properties of low-density polyethylene/multiwalled
carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Mater Chem Phys 100:132
5. Girei SA, Thomas SP, Atieh MA, Mezghani K, De SK, Bandyopadhyay S, Al-Juhani A (2012)
Effect of –COOH functionalized carbon nanotubes on mechanical, dynamic mechanical and
thermal properties of polypropylene nanocomposites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 25:333
6. Ramajo LA, Reboredo MM, Castro MS (2007) Characterisation of epoxy/BaTiO 3 composites
processed by dipping for integral capacitor films (ICF). J Mater Sci 42:3685
7. Ramajo L, Castro MS, Reboredo MM (2010) Dielectric response of Ag/BaTiO 3 /epoxy
nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 45:106
8. Matienzo LJ, Farquhar D (2008) A model system for the optimization of lamination parameters of PTFE-based dielectrics and metal surfaces. J Mater Sci 43:2035
9. Olad A (2011) Polymer/clay nanocomposites. In: Dr. Reddy B (ed) Advances in diverse
industrial applications of nanocomposites. InTech, University of Tabriz, Iran. ISBN 978953-307-202-9
10. Chung T-S, Jiang LY, Li Y, Kulprathipanja S (2007) Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs)
comprising organic polymers with dispersed inorganic fillers for gas separation. Prog Polym
Sci 32:483
11. Nayak S, Chaki TK, Khastgir D (2013) Development of poly(dimethylsiloxane)/BaTiO 3
nanocomposites as dielectric material. Adv Mater Res 622–623:897
158
S. Nayak and T.K. Chaki