Table 2 Examples of covalent cryogels prepared by crosslinking of macromolecular precursors in moderately frozen systems
High molecular weight precursors
Crosslinking agent
Solvent
a
Temperature of
cryotropic
gelation (
C)
What was done and reported
References
I. Crosslinking with chemical agents
Serum albumin
Glutaraldehyde
Water (T
0
¼ 0
C)
À25
Preparation of macroporous carrier
for the immobilization of
thylakoids
[178]
À20 to
À25
Preparation of macroporous carrier
for the immobilization of bacterial
cells.
[179, 180]
À20
Preparation of macroporous carrier
for the immobilization of
submembrane fraction of plant
cells
[181]
Serum albumin
Cysteine
Water + urea
À3 to
À78
Preparation of macroporous albumin
cryogels
[31]
Gelatine
Formaldehyde
Water
À28
Preparation of macroporous carrier
for the immobilization yeast cells
[177]
Glutaraldehyde
À12
Preparation of macroporous scaffolds
for tissue engineering
[185]
Gelatine + acrylonitrile
Glutaraldehyde,
N,N
0
-methylene-bisacrylamide
Water
À12
Preparation of composite cryogel via
combination of polymer
crosslinking and radical
polymerization
[186]
Gelatine + fibrinogen
Glutaraldehyde
Water
À12
Preparation and study of covers on
wounds
[187]
Gelatine + laminin
Glutaraldehyde
Water
À12
Preparation and study of macroporous
scaffolds for tissue engineering
[188]
Collagen
Dialdehyde starch
Water
À15
Preparation and study of properties
and macroporous morphology of
resulting cryogels
[189]
(continued)
A Brief History of Polymeric Cryogels
17